Physiological and Morphological Color Changes in Teleosts and in Reptiles

Goda, Makoto; Kuriyama, Takeo

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3_13

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…The motile activities of chromatophores of teleosts are regulated effectively by the endocrine and/or nervous systems ( 27 , 42 , 48 , 49 ). Here, we observed that severing of peripheral nerves in the skin gives rise to a rapid darkening of the spots, which is due to the dispersion of the melanosomes within the melanophores in these areas ( 50 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The former can be attributed mainly to increases or decreases in the actual number of chromatophores or the amount of pigmentary material inside ( 26 ). On the other hand, the physiological color changes are attributed to the rapid migration of chromatosomes centripetally or centrifugally or changes in the arrangement of high refractive index materials in the cytoplasm ( 27 , 28 ). For example, in response to various stimuli, the cyanophores in the bluish skin of the mandarin fish and the psychedelic fish responded by the aggregation or dispersion of cyanosomes ( 10 ), and in the bluish skin of blue damselfish, the distance between the reflecting platelets in the iridophores changed ( 29 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructure and regulation of color change in blue spots of leopard coral trout Plectropomus leopardus

Zhao

Ge²,

Ke³

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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The leopard coral trout generally exhibited numerous round, minute blue spots covering its head (about the size of nostril) and body (except ventral side). This is a characteristic that distinguishes them from similar species. Recently, however, we found the leopard coral trout with black spots. Here, the distribution and ultrastructure of chromatophores in the blue and black spots were investigated with light and transmission electron microscopies. The results showed that in the blue spots, two types of chromatophores are present in the dermis, with the light-reflecting iridophores located in the upper layer and the aggregated light-absorbing melanophores in the lower layer. Black spots have a similar chromatophore composition, except that the melanosomes within the melanophores disperse their dendritic processes to encircle the iridophores. Interestingly, after the treatment of forskolin, a potent adenylate cyclase activator, the blue spots on the body surface turned black. On the other hand, using the skin preparations in vitro, the electrical stimulation and norepinephrine treatment returned the spots to blue color again, indicating the sympathetic nerves were involved in regulating the coloration of blue spots. Taken together, our results revealed that the blue spots of the leopard coral trout can change color to black and vice versa, resulting from the differences in the distribution of melanosomes, which enriches our understanding of the body color and color changes of fishes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure and regulation of color change in blue spots of leopard coral trout Plectropomus leopardus

Zhao

Ge²,

Ke³

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…In teleosts, chromatophores in the integument are mainly classified into 6 categories; melanophores, xanthophores, erythrophores, cyanophores, leucophores and iridophores, which are primarily responsible for the black, yellow, red, blue, white, and iridescent tones, respectively (Bagnara & Hadley, 1973;Fujii, 1993aFujii, , 1993bGoda & Fujii, 1995;Goda & Kuriyama, 2021;Hashimoto et al, 2021;Schartl et al, 2016). The first 4 chromatophores are called "light-absorbing chromatophores" because they have spherical organelles, chromatosomes, which contain pigments, such as melanin, carotenoid, and pteridine, whereas the latter 2 chromatophores have light-reflecting properties due to the presence of high refractive index materials in their cytoplasmic organelles and are called "light-reflecting chromatophores".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uric acid is a major chemical constituent for the whitish coloration in the medaka leucophores

Goda

Miyagi

Kitamoto

et al. 2023

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res

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In whitish parts of teleost skin, the coloration is attributed to a light scattering phenomenon within light‐reflecting chromatophores, namely leucophores and iridophores, which contain high refractive index materials in their cytoplasmic organelles, leucosomes and light‐reflecting platelets, respectively. Previous chemical examinations revealed that guanine is a major constituent of the materials in the platelets of the iridophores, while, in leucophores, the detailed chemical nature of the materials contained in the leucosomes has not been reported. Here, using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectroscopy, we investigated the chemical features of materials eluted from scales, larvae, and single chromatophores of the medaka. Results of the liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectroscopy suggested that uric acid is a major constituent of the high refractive index materials in medaka leucophores and is a unique marker to investigate the presence of leucophores in the fish. The whitish appearance of the medaka leucophores may be attributed to the light‐scattering phenomenon in leucosomes, which contain highly concentrated uric acid.

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