Physiological and pathological changes in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica infested with the trematode Bucephalus sp. and exposed to the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense

Lassudrie, Malwenn; Wikfors, Gary H.; Sunila, Inke; Alix, Jennifer H.; Dixon, Mark S.; Combot, Doriane; Soudant, Philippe; Fabioux, Caroline; Hégaret, Hélène

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2015.01.011

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) levels were measured using the saxitoxin (PSP) ELISA kit (Abraxis) as described by Lassudrie et al (2015a;2015b). Oyster digestive glands were ground in HCl 0.1 M (1:1 w:v) and boiled for 5 min at 100 °C, following the manufacturer instructions.…”

Section: Toxin Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of gametogenesis pattern and sex on paralytic shellfish toxin levels in triploid Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas exposed to a natural bloom of Alexandrium minutum

et al. 2016

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International audienceThis study investigated the effect of gametogenesis pattern and sex on levels of paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) accumulated by triploid oysters Crassostrea gigas exposed to a natural bloom of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum in the Bay of Brest (Western Brittany, France), over the summer 2014. Toxin accumulation in oysters was proposed to be influenced by the proportion of energy allocated to reproduction versus other metabolisms, as proposed by Haberkorn et al. (2010). Thus, we hypothesized that triploid oysters with different gametogenesis patterns (α or β, producing respectively numerous gametes or rare gametes) could result in differences in toxin accumulation. Toxin level could also be different according to the gender of the oysters. To test these hypotheses, PST levels were measured in the digestive gland of oysters using an ELISA method. Sex, gametogenesis stage and pattern (α or β) of the triploid oysters were determined by histology. Males (24%), females (38%) and hermaphrodites (38%), including synchronous or successive hermaphrodites were represented among the sampled oysters. All of them were at mature stage (III) of gametogenesis. Both α (46%) and β (54%) patterns were represented in the sample set. In these oysters, PST levels appeared independent from sex and gametogenesis pattern. These results suggest that, in triploid oysters, PST accumulation is not influenced by energy allocated to reproduction.ăStatement of relevanceăThis study appears to be the first to investigate toxin levels depending on gametogenesis pattern in triploid oysters.ăăThis study highlighted that triploid oysters were divided into two classes, α (triploid oysters that maturate with unlocked germ cells and have a consequent number of gametes) and β (triploid oysters that display strongly reduced number of gametes and locked gonial mitosis), with the latter class subdivided into two categories: β1, which presents no germinal cell lineage, and β2, which presents germinal cell lineage.ăăThis study showed that toxin levels in the digestive glands of triploids were not significantly different, neither between gametogenesis patterns nor between sexes. Additionally, despite the different patterns of gametogenesis in the triploid oysters of the present study, no difference in toxin levels accumulated in the digestive glands was detected between α and β oysters, suggesting that reproductive investment in triploid oysters does not influence toxin accumulation

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Section: Toxin Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of gametogenesis pattern and sex on paralytic shellfish toxin levels in triploid Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas exposed to a natural bloom of Alexandrium minutum

et al. 2016

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“…PST accumulation was assessed using the Saxitoxin (PSP) ELISA kit (Abraxis), as in Lassudrie et al (2015). PST extraction was performed following manufacturer instructions: digestive gland tissue was homogenized in HCl 0.1 M (1:1, w:v) using a Precellys 1 24 bead-grinder and then boiled for 5 min, leading to acid hydrolysis that can induce chemical conversion of some PST analogues to STX (Vale et al, 2008).…”

Section: Toxin Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…may modify shellfish susceptibility to pathogens. Indeed, Lassudrie et al (2015) reported that a three-week exposure to Alexandrium fundyense (a PST producer) resulted in modified immune functions associated with higher susceptibility to infection with the protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus in trematode-infested Eastern oysters. On the contrary, da Silva et al (2008) reported a decrease in intensity of Perkinsus olseni infection in Manila clams exposed to the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia selliformis for 2 weeks, which was shown to result from direct toxicity of algae to P. olseni.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella exposure and disease associated with herpesvirus OsHV-1 μVar in Pacific oyster spat Crassostrea gigas

et al. 2015

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“…Studies have suggested that bivalves, and principally bivalve cells of the immune system, can be adversely affected by HAB (Galimary et al, 2008;Lassudrie et al, 2015b). In some cases, a clear modulation of hemato-immunological parameters was observed, especially cellular immune response although most of these studies were performed under controlled laboratory conditions (Ferraz-Mello et al, 2010;Haberkorn et al, 2010;Mello et al, 2013;Lassudrie et al, 2015a). Little is known about the effect of harmful algae and their phycotoxins on responses in the immune system on oyster adults and less in oyster spats, due to the small size of spat, the study of immunity at the cellular level is challenging.…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential expression of immune response genes in Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas spat, fed with dinoflagellates Gymnodinium catenatum and Prorocentrum lima

Kao-Godinez¹,

Romero-Geraldo²,

García-Lagunas³

et al. 2019

LAJAR

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The effects of Gymnodynium catenatum and Prorocentrum lima, dinoflagellate species present in the Gulf of California, on marine bivalves, have demonstrated physiological alterations and changes in gene expression patterns; however, modification effects of the genes involved in immune defense are still poorly understood. This study analyzed the mRNA levels of five genes encoding for the immune defense of oyster Crassostrea gigas spat fed with a control diet (Isochrysis galbana alone) and a combination of the two toxic dinoflagellates. Expression levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein 1,3-glucan and cavorting genes were higher in oysters exposed to the combined diets in all treatments compared to the non-toxic diet at day three, which was probably related with an activation of the oysters' immediate immune response during the first 24 h. Protein 44 interferon-induced gene expression level was repressed in treatments with the highest dinoflagellate concentration and overexpressed in the diet with equal dinoflagellate concentration. Interaction protein-Toll and immunoglobulin gene transcript levels reached the highest values at day seven in oysters exposed to all combined diets. Then, the immune defense appeared to be activated in oyster spat as a response of toxins and/or extra-cellular compounds produced by the dinoflagellates.

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Physiological and pathological changes in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica infested with the trematode Bucephalus sp. and exposed to the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense

Cited by 38 publications

References 75 publications

Influence of gametogenesis pattern and sex on paralytic shellfish toxin levels in triploid Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas exposed to a natural bloom of Alexandrium minutum

Influence of gametogenesis pattern and sex on paralytic shellfish toxin levels in triploid Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas exposed to a natural bloom of Alexandrium minutum

Interaction between toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella exposure and disease associated with herpesvirus OsHV-1 μVar in Pacific oyster spat Crassostrea gigas

Differential expression of immune response genes in Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas spat, fed with dinoflagellates Gymnodinium catenatum and Prorocentrum lima

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