Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveal molecular mechanism in Salvia miltiorrhiza leaves of near-isogenic male fertile lines and male sterile lines

Abstract

BackgroundOur previous study finds that male sterility in Salvia miltiorrhiza could result in stunted growth and reduced biomass, but their molecular mechanisms have not yet been revealed. In this article, we investigate the underlying mechanism of male sterility and its impact on plant growth and metabolic yield by using physiological analysis and mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq).ResultsIn this study, transcriptomic and physiological analysis were performed to identify the mechanism of male sterility in mutants and its impact on plant growth and metabolic yield. Through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, it is found that the pathways are mainly enriched in processes including organ development, primary metabolic process and secondary metabolic process. Physiological analysis show that the chloroplast structure of male sterile mutants of S. miltiorrhiza is abnormally developed, which could result in decrease in leaf gas exchange (A, E and gs), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv, Fm and Fv/Fm), and the chlorophyll content. Expression level of 7 differentially expressed genes involved in photosynthesis-related pathways is downregulated in male sterile lines of S. miltiorrhiza, which could explain the corresponding phenotypic changes in chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content and leaf gas exchange. Transcriptomic analysis establishes the role of disproportionating enzyme 1 (DPE1) as catalyzing the degradation of starch, and the role of sucrose synthase 3 (SUS3) and cytosolic invertase 2 (CINV2) as catalyzing the degradation of sucrose in the S. miltiorrhiza mutants. The results also confirm that phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) is involved in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B, and flavone synthase (FLS) is an important enzyme catalyzing steps of flavonoid biosynthesis.ConclusionsOur results from the physiological and transcriptome analysis reveal underlying mechanism of plant growth and metabolic yield in male sterile mutants, and provide insight into the crop yield of S. miltiorrhiza.

Anatomy and Comparative Transcriptome Reveal the Mechanism of Male Sterility in Salvia miltiorrhiza

“…Thus, the analysis of the origin of S. miltiorrhiza sterility will help people to cultivate male sterile lines, and provide germplasm resources for artificial crossbreeding in the future. A previous study analyzed physiological characteristics and metabolic differences in leaves of the sterile line of S. miltiorrhiza [ 24 ]. In the hybrid offspring of S. miltiorrhiza and S. miltiorrhiza f. alba , male sterility was caused by abnormal microgametogenesis, and key genes were initially screened through a comparative transcriptome analysis [ 25 ].…”

iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis reveals several key metabolic pathways associated with male sterility in Salvia miltiorrhiza

“…[11][12][13][14][15] Through continuous backcross and testcross in 2006-2009, we found that S. miltiorrhiza male sterility belonged to the GMS type. 16,17 Male sterility plays a signicant role in hybrid breeding, and it is a good way to generate stronger plants and to produce high-quality F1 hybrid seeds. 18 The GMS is a very stable genetic system that includes fertile (Ms f Ms) and sterile (MsMs) plants that segregate in a 1 : 1 ratio.…”