Physiological and transcriptomic analyses revealed gene networks involved in heightened resistance against tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection in salicylic acid and jasmonic acid treated tomato plants

Abstract

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a member of the genus Begomovirus of the Geminiviridae family, causes leaf curl disease of tomato that significantly affects tomato production worldwide. SA (salicylic acid), JA (jasmonic acid) or the JA mimetic, COR (coronatine) applied exogenously resulted in improved tomato resistance against TYLCV infection. When compared to mock treated tomato leaves, pretreatment with the three compounds followed by TYCLV stem infiltration also caused a greater accumulation of H2O2. We employed RNA-Seq (RNA sequencing) to identify DEGs (differentially expressed genes) induced by SA, JA, COR pre-treatments after Agro-inoculation of TYLCV in tomato. To obtain functional information on these DEGs, we annotated genes using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) databases. Based on our comparative analysis, differentially expressed genes related to cell wall metabolism, hormone signaling and secondary metabolism pathways were analyzed in compound treated samples. We also found that TYLCV levels were affected in SlNPR1 and SlCOI1 silenced plants. Interestingly, compared to the mock treated samples, SA signaling was hyper-activated in SlCOI1 silenced plants which resulted in a significant reduction in viral titer, whereas in SINPR1 silencing tomato plants, there was a 19-fold increase in viral load. Our results indicated that SA, JA, and COR had multiple impacts on defense modulation at the early stage of TYLCV infection. These results will help us better understand SA and JA induced defenses against viral invasion and provide a theoretical basis for breeding viral resistance into commercial tomato accessions.

Physiological and transcriptome profiling revealed defense networks during Cladosporium fulvum and tomato interaction at the early stage

“…Considering that the ability of resistance of some tomato cultivar has decreased because of many physiological races of C. fulvum rapidly mutated, we focused on investigating the transcriptome profiles during early stage of interaction with C. fulvum in tomato leaves by using susceptible tomato plants ( Jiang et al., 2022b ). As we expected, a variety of defense related genes are identified after C. fulvum inoculation, such as PR1 , HSP90 , and WRKY1 , which is consistence with the previous findings ( Zhao et al., 2019 ; Wang et al., 2022 ). Based on previous reported that flg22 (flagellin 22) binding induces FLS2-BAK1 (BRI1-associated kinase1) heteromerization to activate immune responses in Arabidopsis thaliana ( Sun et al., 2013 ).…”

Plant Defense and Viral Counter-Defense during Plant–Geminivirus Interactions

“…Several studies have highlighted the involvement of various phytohormones, such as salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene, auxin, cytokinin, gibberellic acid, brassinosteroids and abscisic acid, in plant–geminivirus infection [ 10 , 128 ]. The use of exogenous SA and JA improves resistance to TYLCV infection in plants [ 129 ]. SA, ethylene and cytokinin pathways genes are upregulated within geminivirus infections [ 85 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 ].…”