Physiological characteristics of trained Australian paraplegic and tetraplegic subjects

Gc, Gass; Em, Camp

doi:10.1249/00005768-197901130-00006

Cited by 54 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…For handbike cyclists, VO 2 peak handbike cycling values of 37.577.8 ml/min/kg (Table 2) indicate that these athletes are highly trained and are comparable with our well-trained cyclists in the control group. Our results of VO 2 peak handbike cycling agree with results of other studies, 19,27,28 where highly trained wheelchair athletes reach a VO 2 max of 30-40 ml/min/kg.…”

Section: Fitness Levelsupporting

confidence: 92%

Optimal exercise intensities for fat metabolism in handbike cycling and cycling

2004

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Study design: Energy expenditure (EE) and fat oxidation in handbike cycling compared to cycling in order to determine the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation in handbike cycling. Objective: To establish the exercise intensity with the highest fat oxidation rate in handbike cycling compared with cycling (control group) in order to give training recommendations for spinal cord-injured (SCI) athletes performing handbike cycling. Setting: Institute of Sports Medicine, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland. Methods: Eight endurance-trained handbike cyclists (VO 2 peak handbike cycling 37.577.8 ml/kg/ min) and eight endurance trained cyclists (VO 2 peak cycling 62.574.5 ml/kg/min) performed three 20-min exercise blocks at 55, 65 and 75% VO 2 peak in handbike cycling on a treadmill or in cycling on a cycling ergometer, respectively, in order to find the intensity with the absolutely highest fat oxidation. Results: The contribution of fat to total EE was highest (39.1716.3% EE) at 55% VO 2 peak in handbike cycling compared to cycling, where highest contribution of fat to EE (50.8713.8%) was found at 75% VO 2 peak. In handbike cycling, the highest absolute fat oxidation (0.2870.10 g/min) was found at 55% VO 2 peak compared to cycling, where highest fat oxidation (0.6770.20 g/min) was found at 75% VO 2 peak. Conclusion: Well-trained handbike cyclists have their highest fat oxidation at 55% VO 2 peak handbike cycling compared to well-trained cyclists at 75% VO 2 peak cycling . Handbike cyclists should perform endurance exercise training at 55% VO 2 peak handbike cycling , whereas well-trained cyclists should be able to exercise at 75% VO 2 peak cycling . For training recommendations, the heart rate at 55% VO 2 peak handbike cycling lies at 13576 bpm in handbike cycling in SCI compared to 147714 bpm at 75% VO 2 peak cycling in well-trained cyclists. We presume that the reduced muscle mass involved in exercise during handbike cycling is the most important factor for impaired fat oxidation compared to cycling. But also other factors as fitness level and haemodynamic differences should be considered. Our results are only applicable to well-trained handbike cyclists with SCI and not for the general SCI population.

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Section: Fitness Levelsupporting

confidence: 92%

Optimal exercise intensities for fat metabolism in handbike cycling and cycling

2004

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“…14 Our athletes reached a VO 2max of 35.1+4.9 ml/min/ kg (Table 2). This agrees with results of other studies, where wheelchair athletes reached a VO 2max of 30 ± 40 ml/min/kg in exercise protocols with increasing velocity 2,3 or increasing resistance. 4,13 Only highly trained endurance wheelchair athletes can reach a VO 2max of more than 50 ml/min/kg, 15 as opposed to able bodied athletes who reach VO 2max values of 75 to 85 ml/min/kg due to the larger muscle mass actively involved.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The players have di erent physical handicaps for which they get points 2,8,9 In our study the team members with SCI reached signi®cantly higher lactate concentrations than the team members who do not use a wheelchair in daily life (Figure 1). It seems that the players of our team who do not use a wheelchair on a regular basis are unable to reach their physical limitations by means of an exercise test using wheelchair propulsion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Treadmill exercise testing with increasing inclination as exercise protocol for wheelchair athletes

Knechtle

Köpfli²

2001

Spinal Cord

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Study design: Treadmill testing on a progressive incline of 11 wheelchair athletes. Objective: To determine if a novel treadmill exercise protocol which uses increments in inclination, rather than the standard increments in velocity, can be used to e ectively determine maximum oxygen uptake VO 2max for elite wheelchair athletes. Setting: Nottwil, Switzerland. Methods: Eleven elite wheelchair basketball players (29.3+6.3 years, 72.7+16.9 kg and 177+9.6 cm) performed an exercise protocol with increasing inclination on the treadmill. Eight players had a spinal cord injury (SCI), two had no lesion of the central nervous system and one had poliomyelitis. VO 2max and heart rate were measured continuously, while serum lactate was determined immediately after the exercise protocol. Results: Athletes reached a maximal heart rate of 185+11.4 bpm and maximal lactate of 10.2+2.1 mmol/l. VO 2max was 35.1+4.9 ml/min/kg. The correlation between heart rate and VO 2 at di erent inclinations was statistically signi®cant and comparable to able-bodied subjects. Conclusions: An exercise protocol with increasing inclination is a valid alternative to an exercise protocol with increasing velocity. Spinal Cord (2001) 39, 633 ± 636

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“…(Hooker and Wells, 1989;van der Woude et al, 1989;Wicks et al, 1983). Several researchers (Figoni 1984;Gass and Camp, 1979;Van Loan et al, 1987;and Wicks et al, 1983) have suggested that VOz max is related to the level of spinal injury, but their data did not show such a relationship.…”

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confidence: 96%

Exercise capacity of untrained spinal cord injured individuals and the relationship of peak oxygen uptake to level of injury

et al. 1990

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SummaryTwenty spinal cord injured individuals were tested for maximal oxygen uptake (V0 2 peak using a hysteresis brake wheelchair ergometer. The subjects were divided into 4 groups as follows: (a) quadriplegics (4 subjects); (b) untrained female paraplegics (5 subjects); (c) untrained male paraplegics (7 subjects); and (d) trained male paraplegics (4 subjects). The V0 2 peak were analysed by a one way ANOV A and Fisher's LSD multiple comparisons. The F-ratio (50·93) was significant (p = < 0·0001). Fisher's LSD post hoc multiple comparisons found the following differences: (a) quadriplegics were significantly lower than the untrained paraplegic females, untrained paraplegic males and trained paraplegic males; (b) untrained females were significantly lower than the untrained male paraplegics, and trained paraplegic males; (c) untrained paraplegic males were significantly lower than the trained male paraplegics. A Spearman Rho correlation was calculated using injury level and V0 2 max for all the untrained SCI individuals. The correlation was 0·68 and had a significance level of 0·0019. The present study combined with the known research literature gives strong evidence that V0 2 peak in the untrained SCI is highly related to level of injury.

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Physiological characteristics of trained Australian paraplegic and tetraplegic subjects

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

Optimal exercise intensities for fat metabolism in handbike cycling and cycling

Optimal exercise intensities for fat metabolism in handbike cycling and cycling

Treadmill exercise testing with increasing inclination as exercise protocol for wheelchair athletes

Exercise capacity of untrained spinal cord injured individuals and the relationship of peak oxygen uptake to level of injury

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