Physiological Correlations With Short, Medium, and Long Cycling Time-Trial Performance

Borszcz, Fernando Klitzke; Tramontin, Artur Ferreira; Souza, Kristopher Mendes de; Carminatti, Lorival José; Costa, Vitor Pereira

doi:10.1080/02701367.2017.1411578

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…An overview of these studies by Faude et al shows a median r = 0.84–0.92 for several different LT concepts for endurance distances (>5km), [ 9 ] comparable to our results. There are fewer studies that have compared LT concepts and their correlation with different types of cycling endurance performance, [ 16 , 20 , 26 , 35 – 38 ] but correlation with endurance performances (30–90 minutes) for each concept seem to vary between these studies, see Table 5 . In addition, the comparison between concepts within these studies shows varying conclusions about which is the best concept.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeatability and predictive value of lactate threshold concepts in endurance sports

et al. 2018

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IntroductionBlood lactate concentration rises exponentially during graded exercise when muscles produce more lactate than the body can remove, and the blood lactate-related thresholds are parameters based on this curve used to evaluate performance level and help athletes optimize training. Many different concepts of describing such a threshold have been published. This study aims to compare concepts for their repeatability and predictive properties of endurance performance.MethodsForty-eight well-trained male cyclists aged 18–50 performed 5 maximal graded exercise tests each separated by two weeks. Blood lactate-related thresholds were calculated using eight different representative concepts. Repeatability of each concept was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and intra-subject CV and predictive value with 45 minute time trial tests and a road race to the top of Mont Ventoux was evaluated using Pearson correlations.ResultsRepeatability of all concepts was good to excellent (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.89–0.96), intra-subject CVs were low with 3.4–8.1%. Predictive value for performance in the time trial tests and road race showed significant correlations ranging from 0.65–0.94 and 0.53–0.76, respectively.ConclusionAll evaluated concepts performed adequate, but there were differences between concepts. One concept had both the highest repeatability and the highest predictability of cycling performance, and is therefore recommended to be used: the Dmax modified method. As an easier to apply alternative, the lactate threshold with a fixed value of 4 mmol/L could be used as it performed almost as well.Trial registrationDutch Trial Registry NTR5643

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeatability and predictive value of lactate threshold concepts in endurance sports

et al. 2018

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“…The tolerance limit when cycling at MAP has been shown to be ~4 min in well-trained cyclists [22], thus well below the duration of the cycle segment in the paratriathlon race. Nonetheless, as Borszcz et al [8] state, MAP is highly associated with cycling timetrial performance, in spite of the duration. Moreover, Balmer et al [11] have previously reported a low coefficient of variation of MAP (1.3 %), when determined using methods of the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Bold values indicate a significant correlation to bike time (p < 0.05). durations in able-bodied athletes [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]21]. It has consistently been shown that peak power output from stepwise (20-30 min) and ramp (10-12 min) tests to exhaustion relate to cycling performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests aerobic lactate threshold and maximal aerobic power are the pertinent variables to infer cycling performance for wheelchair users and ambulant paratriathletes, respectively. [4,5,[7][8][9][10], independent of the performance duration [8]. This relationship still applies regardless of whether peak power output is recorded during short (10-12 min), ramp-based tests, or prolonged (20-30 min) stepwise tests, the former being synonymous with maximal aerobic power (MAP) [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Physiological Correlates to In-race Paratriathlon Cycling Performance

et al. 2020

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AbstractThe purpose was to determine the physiological correlates to cycling performance within a competitive paratriathlon. Five wheelchair user and ten ambulant paratriathletes undertook laboratory-based testing to determine their: peak rate of oxygen uptake; blood lactate- and ventilatory-derived physiological thresholds; and, their maximal aerobic power. These variables were subsequently expressed in absolute (l∙min −1 or W), relative (ml∙kg−1∙min −1 or W∙kg −1) and scaled relative (or ml∙kg − 0.82 ∙min −1, ml∙kg − 0.32 ∙min −1 or W∙kg −0.32) terms. All athletes undertook a paratriathlon race with 20 km cycle. Pearson’s correlation test and linear regression analyses were produced between laboratory-derived variables and cycle performance to generate correlation coefficients (r), standard error of estimates and 95% confidence intervals. For wheelchair users, performance was most strongly correlated to relative aerobic lactate threshold (W∙kg −1) (r=−0.99; confidence intervals: −0.99 to −0.99; standard error of estimate=22 s). For ambulant paratriathletes, the greatest correlation was with maximal aerobic power (W∙kg −0.32) (r=−0.91; −0.99 to −0.69; standard error of estimate=88 s). Race-category-specificity exits regarding physiological correlates to cycling performance in a paratriathlon race with further differences between optimal scaling factors between paratriathletes. This suggests aerobic lactate threshold and maximal aerobic power are the pertinent variables to infer cycling performance for wheelchair users and ambulant paratriathletes, respectively.

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“…Laboratory testing has traditionally been used to determine intensities to prescribe training and to detect changes in cycling performance [1][2][3]. Nowadays, research literature suggests that field testing carries a high ecological validity [4], and it is preferred by cyclists who use portable power meters on their bicycles [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of the Functional Threshold Power in Competitive Cyclists

2020

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Functional threshold power (FTP) is defined as the highest power that a cyclist can maintain in a quasi-steady state without fatigue for approximately 1 hour. To improve practicality, a 20-minute time-trial test was proposed, where FTP is represented by 95% of the mean power produced. It is preceded by a specific 45-min warm-up, with periods of low intensity, fast accelerations, and a 5-min time-trial. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the reliability of this protocol, including the reliability of the warm-up, pacing strategy, and FTP determination. For this purpose, 25 trained cyclists performed a familiarization and two other tests separated by seven days. The coefficient of variation (CV [%]), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and change in the mean between test and retest were calculated. The results show that the 20-min time-trial was reliable (CV=2.9%, ICC=0.97), despite a less reliable warm-up (CV=5.5%, ICC=0.84). The changes in the mean between the test and retest were trivial to small for all measurements, and the pacing strategy was consistent across all trials. These results suggest that FTP determination with a 20-min protocol was reliable in trained cyclists.

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Physiological Correlations With Short, Medium, and Long Cycling Time-Trial Performance

Abstract: Therefore, trained cyclists should develop maximal aerobic power irrespective of the duration of time trial, as well as enhancements in metabolic thresholds for long-duration time trials.

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

Repeatability and predictive value of lactate threshold concepts in endurance sports

Repeatability and predictive value of lactate threshold concepts in endurance sports

Physiological Correlates to In-race Paratriathlon Cycling Performance

Reliability of the Functional Threshold Power in Competitive Cyclists

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