Physiological effects of paraquat in juvenile African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchel 1822)

doi:10.12980/jclm.3.2015jclm-2014-0113

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Insignificant changes in MCV, MCH and MCHC in exposed fish and the control at week 2 may suggest normocytic anaemia while significant and dose dependent increases in the same parameters observed at week 6 and 8 indicate macrocytic anaemia caused by aronil. The result of this study differed from the report of Nwani et al (2015) who reported significant reduction in MCV, MCH and MCHC in C. gariepinus exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of pesticide paraquat.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…It is mainly used in rice farms to control weeds. However, due to increased agricultural activities in both urban and rural areas, the use of this pesticide has increased tremendously (Nwani et al, 2015). This has direct consequence both to humans (Hill, 1989) and its immediate environment especially the aquatic ecosystem (Firatet al, 2011) which is at the receiving end (surface runoff from agricultural lands discharges into streams and rivers).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Haematology and Biochemical Responses in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to sub-acute Doses of Aronil (Propanil) in a Flow through Bioassay

Yaji¹,

Iheanacho²,

Ogueji³

2018

Egypt. J. of Aquatic Biolo. and Fish.

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Effects of sub-acute exposure of pesticide aronil (propanil) on haematology and serum biochemistry of Oreochromis niloticus juvenile was investigated in the present study. Sub-acute doses (0.21 mg/l, 0.43 mg/l and 0.83 mg/l) were derived from 1/20, 1/10 and 1/5 of the 96h LC 50 (4.17 mg/l) of aronil, in which fish specimens were exposed for eight weeks. Control group was exposed to dechlorinated tap water. Haematology and serum biochemistry of fish were examined at week 2, 6 and 8 of aronil exposure. Significant and dose dependent decreases in red blood cell, haemoglobin and haematocrit were observed in aronil exposed fish compared to the control. White blood cell, mean cell haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin concentration of the control were significantly lower compared to the exposed fish groups. Neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages were elevated significantly in 0.83 mg/l exposed fish when compared to other exposed fish and the control at the eight week. Basophils, eosinophils and monocytes were not observed in aronil exposed fish. Significant and dose dependent increases in glucose, protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and triglyceride were observed in aronil treated fish with reference to the control while insignificant changes in cholesterol level was observed in the exposed fish compared to the control. Aronil pesticide induced stress and had toxic effect on O. niloticus. Use of pesticide aronil should be regulated especially in farm lands along the coast and riversides to avoid the influx of pesticides into the aquatic ecosystems.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematology and Biochemical Responses in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to sub-acute Doses of Aronil (Propanil) in a Flow through Bioassay

Yaji¹,

Iheanacho²,

Ogueji³

2018

Egypt. J. of Aquatic Biolo. and Fish.

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“…hydrophila pathogens injected in the fish has over time induced morphological changes in the selected organs. This is, however, in contrast to reports of Ensibi et al [28], Jordaan et al [29] and Nwani et al [30] that no significant effect was detected in fish organs exposed to pyrethroid, organophosphate and paraquat toxicants, respectively, when they were compared to control. Exposure to the bacterial pathogen may have altered some regulatory function of the immune system, thus, contribute to the observed physiological changes in the selected organs.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

Immunostimulatory Effect of Phoenix Dactylifera Supplemented Diet on Aeromonas hydrophila Infected Clarias gariepinus

Oriade

Alao

Afolayan

2021

PAJOLS

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Background: Phoenix dactylifera fruit has been widely reported for its effective anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the effect of P. dactylifera on immune responses was evaluated in Aeromonas hydrophila infected Clarias gariepinus. Methods: P. dactylifera fruit powder was used as feed inclusion at 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% concentrations to the pelleted fish diet of C. gariepinus juveniles. A total of 75 fish were divided into fourgroups (n=15) . The fish were fed with the formulated feed twice a day (08:00 h and 17:00 h), and terminated 24 h before the commencement of the microbial inoculation with inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. The fish were later challenged with active Aeromonas hydrophila after seven weeks of experimental feeding. Blood samples were collected from fish while haemagglutination and phagocytic assays were used to determine the antibody titres and phagocytic action of the immune cells, respectively. Then, the micronucleus assay was used to determine the chromosomal damage effect of Aeromonas hydrophila pathogen on exposed C. gariepinus. Results: After the challenge, the groups fed with 0.5 and 2.0% date showed significantly (p˂0.05)elevated level of immune responses with antibody titres of 231.49±77.06 and 257.18±51.37, and phagocytic activity values of 0.07±0.01 and 0.04±0.00, respectively. The clastogenic effect of A. hydrophilaon the peripheral blood of infected C. gariepinus was observed, this was significantly reduced in 2% P. dactylifera fed group. Also, increase white blood cell count was observed in the C. gariepinus group fed with 0.5% date supplement. A higher lymphoid organ index was also observed in fish fed with the supplemented diet, as compared to the control. Conclusions: These results indicate that P. dactylifera fruit powder enriched diet showed an immune-boosting and reduction of the DNA damaging effect in bacteria-infected C. gariepinus

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“…Studies have shown that Paraquat has the potential to impede the growth and weight of Oreochromis niloticus [20], negatively impact on the blood plasma activities of Clarias gariepinus [21] and induce respiratory stress, erratic swimming and instant death of fish [22]. Reports have also been made available on impaired physiological processes in Clarias gariepinus by significantly increasing the level of white blood cells, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase [4], impacts on the immune and growth of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss [23]. Paraquat inhibits the photosynthetic ability of some algae in stream water thus disrupting the food web necessary for ecological balance [17].…”

Section: Paraquatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indiscriminate use of pesticides, careless handling, accidental spillage, discharge of untreated effluent or runoff from farm lands into waterways have harmful effects on fish population and other aquatic life and may contribute to long term effects on the environment [3]. Herbicides are widely used all over the world to control the harmful effects of weeds on agricultural productions and fish farms however, usually accompanied by deleterious environmental and public health effects [4]. Although herbicide are designed to control plant pests by inhibiting photosynthesis but significantly large concentrations can be toxic to animals through necrosis [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematological and Histopathological Examinations of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Exposed to Sub-Lethal Concentrations of Paraquat

Okey

Ekpenyong²,

Inya

2021

AJFAR

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The study was designed to investigate the sub-lethal effects of paraquat on haematological parameters and histopathology of the gills, skin and liver of Clarias gariepinus juveniles of mean weight (38.26±1.20g) and length (17.50±1.55cm). The fish were exposed to 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% of the 96hrsLC50 value of 107mg/l estimated from the 96 hours acute toxicity test. Blood samples were collected into heparinized tubes for the analyses of some haematological parameters, while the gills, skin and liver were also removed for histological examinations following standard procedures. The result revealed a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the values of red blood cells (RBCs), haemoglobin (Hgb), packed cell volume (PCV) and erythrocytes indices from the control. The white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets (Plt) were however increasing significantly (P < 0.05) from those of the control as the test concentrations increased. The histology of the gills revealed some alterations such as epithelial proliferation, vacuolation of the mucus, hyperplasia of epithelial tissue of the gill filament, lifting and necrosis of the secondary lamellae. The exposed skin showed mucous cell proliferation, erosion of the epithelial lining, hypertrophy, necrosis of epithelial cells and widening of the epidermal and dermal layers. The liver exhibited cellular proliferation, sinusoid enlargement, congestion of the central vein, paranchymatous degeneration, vacuolar degeneration, pyknotic nucleic degeneration, legions and necrosis with severity as concentration of paraquat increases. The gills and skin were observed to be the most affected tissues in this study. The study also revealed that paraquat was toxic to C. gariepinus and causes some haematological and histopathological alterations in the fish blood and tissues at concentrations higher than 30mg/l. Therefore, the use of paraquat by farmers should be regulated particularly in area close to the aquatic environment.

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Physiological effects of paraquat in juvenile African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchel 1822)

Cited by 6 publications

References 50 publications

Haematology and Biochemical Responses in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to sub-acute Doses of Aronil (Propanil) in a Flow through Bioassay

Haematology and Biochemical Responses in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to sub-acute Doses of Aronil (Propanil) in a Flow through Bioassay

Immunostimulatory Effect of Phoenix Dactylifera Supplemented Diet on Aeromonas hydrophila Infected Clarias gariepinus

Haematological and Histopathological Examinations of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Exposed to Sub-Lethal Concentrations of Paraquat

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