Physiological-enzymatic characteristics and inoculation of mycelial strains of Descolea antarctica Sing. in Nothofagus seedlings

Valenzuela, Eduardo; Hipp, Joseline; Alonso, Cláudia Pazos; Godoy, Roberto; Alberdi, Miren; Álvarez, M.; Saavedra, Isabel

doi:10.2225/vol11-issue2-fulltext-7

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Cultures of Descolea species typically produce whitish colonies with a yellow center and have capitate cystidia (Bougher and Castellano, 1993). Valenzuela et al (2008) successfully cultured D. antarctica on malt extract agar and report capitate cystidia on the mycelium, a feature that we have also confirmed (F. Kuhar, unpublished data). Álvarez et al 2004reported that D. antarctica also has highly adaptable enzymes (i.e.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…phosphatases, amylases, cellulases) that are active over a wide pH and temperature range. In a later experiment Valenzuela et al (2008) characterized several enzyme activities and suggested that D. antarctica can utilize a wide range of nutrient sources for growth in axenic culture. The importance of the enzyme machinery of ectomycorrhizal fungi has been extensively discussed (e.g.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic overview of Descolea (Agaricales) in the Nothofagaceae forests of Patagonia

et al. 2017

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The descolea clade includes species of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes in the genera Descolea, Setchelliogaster, Descomyces, and Timgrovea that are known primarily from the Southern Hemisphere. Taxa in this group produce basidiomes that range in morphology from typical epigeous mushrooms (Descolea) and secotioid taxa (Setchelliogaster) to fully gasteroid species (Descomyces and Timgrovea). High intraspecific morphological variation has been reported in several species within this clade, suggesting that careful morphological and molecular studies are needed to refine species concepts. Molecular analyses of fresh Patagonian collections in conjunction with taxonomic studies have confirmed high variability in key morphological features, including overall sporocarp form, spore shape and dimensions, universal veil remnants, and cuticle configuration. Based on our synthesis, we emend the genus Descolea to include sequestrate species. We describe the new sequestrate taxon Descolea inferna sp. nov. from Nothofagaceae forests in Patagonia and we propose Cortinarius squamatus as a synonym of our new combination Descolea brunnea. We also formalize the identity of Descolea pallida as a synonym of Descolea antarctica and provide new specimens of Cortinarius archeuretus, a species that has not been encountered since the original discovery during the expeditions of Roland Thaxter in 1905-1906. Here we re-describe and transfer this species to Descolea as D. archeureta. We also discuss diagnostic features that can be used to delimitate the four known South American taxa in the descolea clade.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic overview of Descolea (Agaricales) in the Nothofagaceae forests of Patagonia

et al. 2017

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“…Ectomycorrhizal species can be very difficult to culture, particularly native Nothofagus ‐associated species (Brundrett et al 1996). Most information regarding mycorrhizal inoculum comes from species other than Nothofagus (although see Allen 1987; Valenzuela et al 2008; Bassani et al 2013). Therefore, if Nothofagus restoration is to take advantage of ectomycorrhizae, further research examining the storage, culture, inoculation approaches, and field maintenance of ectomycorrhizal communities is necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoration of southern hemisphere beech (Nothofagaceae) forests: a meta‐analysis

Galen

Lord

Orlovich

et al. 2021

Restoration Ecology

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Nothofagus (southern beech) species form a major component of southern hemisphere forests, and in many regions are becoming an important focus for restoration efforts. However, restoration projects are predominantly carried out at small, local scales using a wide range of different techniques that have produced mixed results. In order to improve outcomes and develop general strategies for southern beech restoration, we review and compare data from previous trials to determine what techniques have been scientifically tested, identify the most effective methods, and pinpoint gaps in current practices. We assessed the effects of restoration techniques, applied in 91 trials from 22 publications across the southern hemisphere, on seedling survival and growth. Providing shelter improved both seedling survival and growth, controlling weeds improved survival, and protecting from herbivores improved seedling growth. Despite being one of the most commonly applied techniques, fertilizer application only marginally improved seedling survival and did not significantly influence seedling growth. Other techniques, such as increasing glasshouse container size or growth time or manipulating soil before planting, showed mixed results. Surprisingly, no trials examined the use of ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculum as a restoration technique. We discuss the outcomes of this review in the context of our current understanding of southern beech regeneration ecology, to inform future Nothofagus restoration practices and suggest where future research should be directed.

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“…We consider spore inoculation is the most realistic option for local nurseries that probably cannot afford the cost of mycelium production or purchase. Nonetheless, EcM taxa other than those proposed here have been reported from nurseries and naturally established Nothofagaceae seedlings as Descolea (Palfner et al, 2008;Valenzuela Flores et al, 2008;Álvarez et al, 2009;Fernández et al, 2015;Salgado Salomón et al, 2018a), Hebeloma (Fernández et al, 2015;Salgado Salomón et al, 2018a), Sebacina, Inocybe, Laccaria, Genea (Fernández et al, 2015;Marín et al, 2018), Tomentella (Kuhar et al, 2016;Fernández et al, 2013Fernández et al, , 2015Salgado Salomón et al, 2017, 2018a, Clavulinaceae (Fernández et al, 2015), Thelephorales (Fernández et al, 2015), Pyrenomataceae (Fernández et al, 2013;Salgado Salomón et al, 2018a). To broaden the perspective of EcM species best suited to inoculate nursery plants, especially for those with low fruiting frecuency, small spores production or corticioid habit, mycelium inoculum production, mycorrhizal infection and field performance tests will be required.…”

Section: Forestrymentioning

confidence: 59%

Rescuing the ectomycorrhizal biodiversity associated with South American Nothofagaceae forest, from the 19th century naturalists up to molecular biogeography

Barroetaveña

Salomón

Bassani³

2019

Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research

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The southernmost portion of the Andes in South America hosts Nothofagaceae forests that form ectomycorrhizal (EcM) associations. We compiled all the published reports of EcM taxa from these woodlands, based on fruit-body collections and molecularly identified root tips. This resulted in 87 peer-reviewed research papers dealing with EcM associations from Nothofagaceae forests published over the past 62 years. Based on these papers the EcM richness and its association with Nothofagaceae species was analyzed. Represented by 45 genera (34 Basidiomycetes and 11 Ascomycetes), 479 EcM taxa have been recorded, plus an additional 46 EcM taxa which are potentially EcM. Cortinarius was the most frequent and diverse genus, with 64.9% of total species. Nothofagus dombeyi had the highest number of unique EcM species, followed by N. pumilio, N. antarctica and Lophozonia obliqua. The EcM community associated with Nothofagus species, except N. nitida, showed higher similarities among themselves, than with Lophozonia and Fuscospora species. Beta diversity indexes showed EcM Nothofagus species have 29–42% niche overlap, while Nothofagus—Lophozonia only had 1–16%. The assessment of the accuracy of the EcM diversity, host specificity and community structure deserve further studies combining phylogenetic analysis based on broad ecological surveys. On the basis of pre-selected criteria Austropaxillus statuum, Cortinarius fragilis, Cortinarius xiphidipus and Hallingea purpurea are proposed as candidates for nursery spore inoculations, and should be subject to scientific evaluation to determine costs and benefits.

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Physiological-enzymatic characteristics and inoculation of mycelial strains of Descolea antarctica Sing. in Nothofagus seedlings

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

A systematic overview of Descolea (Agaricales) in the Nothofagaceae forests of Patagonia

A systematic overview of Descolea (Agaricales) in the Nothofagaceae forests of Patagonia

Restoration of southern hemisphere beech (Nothofagaceae) forests: a meta‐analysis

Rescuing the ectomycorrhizal biodiversity associated with South American Nothofagaceae forest, from the 19th century naturalists up to molecular biogeography

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