Physiological Factors in Tomato Fruit‐set

Leopold, A. C.; Scott, Frances I.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1952.tb14278.x

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Fruit set is well known to be resource limited (Stephenson, 1981), and it has been demonstrated that with the increasing number of fruits borne by a plant, competition for the photoassimilates becomes higher and the number of fruits able to develop to maturity decreases (Picken, 1984;Bertin, 1995). Similarly, a decrease in the photosynthetic production of sucrose related to pruning or shading the leaves causes a proportional decrease in fruit set (Leopold and Scott, 1952). The results presented here show not only that fruit set is resource limited, but also that SuSy activity, by controlling their unloading capacity, determines the capability of the fruits to set properly.…”

Section: Susy Activity Determines Fruit Set and Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antisense Inhibition of Tomato Fruit Sucrose Synthase Decreases Fruit Setting and the Sucrose Unloading Capacity of Young Fruit

1999

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The role of sucrose synthase (SuSy) in tomato fruit was studied in transgenic tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) plants expressing an antisense fragment of fruit-specific SuSy RNA ( TOMSSF ) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Constitutive expression of the antisense RNA markedly inhibited SuSy activity in flowers and fruit pericarp tissues. However, inhibition was only slight in the endosperm and was undetectable in the embryo, shoot, petiole, and leaf tissues. The activity of sucrose phosphate synthase decreased in parallel with that of SuSy, but acid invertase activity did not increase in response to the reduced SuSy activity. The only effect on the carbohydrate content of young fruit was a slight reduction in starch accumulation. The in vitro sucrose import capacity of fruits was not reduced by SuSy inhibition at 23 days after anthesis, and the rate of starch synthesized from the imported sucrose was not lessened even when SuSy activity was decreased by 98%. However, the sucrose unloading capacity of 7-day-old fruit was substantially decreased in lines with low SuSy activity. In addition, the SuSy antisense fruit from the first week of flowering had a slower growth rate. A reduced fruit set, leading to markedly less fruit per plant at maturity, was observed for the plants with the least SuSy activity. These results suggest that SuSy participates in the control of sucrose import capacity of young tomato fruit, which is a determinant for fruit set and development.

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Section: Susy Activity Determines Fruit Set and Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antisense Inhibition of Tomato Fruit Sucrose Synthase Decreases Fruit Setting and the Sucrose Unloading Capacity of Young Fruit

1999

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“…Fruit-set is the transition from the static condition of the ovary in the full developed flower to the active metabolic condition following pollination and fertilization (Leopold and Scott, 1952). Plant hormone quantification and application of plant growth substances to unpollinated and pollinated ovaries in diverse species have led to the conclusion that fruit-set depends on hormones synthesized in the developing seeds and/or ovary following pollination and fertilization (Abad and Monteiro, 1989;Gillaspy et al, 1993;García-Martínez and Hedden, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Auxin Transport from the Ovary or from the Apical Shoot Induces Parthenocarpic Fruit-Set in Tomato Mediated by Gibberellins

et al. 2010

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Fruit-set in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) depends on gibberellins and auxins (GAs). Here, we show, using the cv MicroTom, that application of N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA; an inhibitor of auxin transport) to unpollinated ovaries induced parthenocarpic fruit-set, associated with an increase of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content, and that this effect was negated by paclobutrazol (an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis). NPA-induced ovaries contained higher content of GA 1 (an active GA) and transcripts of GA biosynthetic genes (SlCPS, SlGA20ox1, and -2). Interestingly, application of NPA to pollinated ovaries prevented their growth, potentially due to supraoptimal IAA accumulation. Plant decapitation and inhibition of auxin transport by NPA from the apical shoot also induced parthenocarpic fruit growth of unpollinated ovaries. Application of IAA to the severed stump negated the plant decapitation effect, indicating that the apical shoot prevents unpollinated ovary growth through IAA transport. Parthenocarpic fruit growth induced by plant decapitation was associated with high levels of GA 1 and was counteracted by paclobutrazol treatment. Plant decapitation also produced changes in transcript levels of genes encoding enzymes of GA biosynthesis (SlCPS and SlGA20ox1) in the ovary, quite similar to those found in NPA-induced fruits. All these results suggest that auxin can have opposing effects on fruit-set, either inducing (when accumulated in the ovary) or repressing (when transported from the apical shoot) that process, and that GAs act as mediators in both cases. The effect of NPA application and decapitation on fruit-set induction was also observed in MicroTom lines bearing introgressed DWARF and SELF-PRUNING wild-type alleles.

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“…5;compare Lovell et al 1972). After fertilization a change from the static condition of the ovary to that of a rapidly growing young fruit takes place (Leopold and Scott 1952). The emerging fruit has a high growth rate and the apex is no longer the main sink for the subtending leaf, thus the initial distribution pattern ofphotoassimilates is modified (Fig.…”

Section: Distribution Of Photoassimilates In the Pea Plantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of photoassimilates in the pea plant: chronology of events in non-fertilized ovaries and effects of gibberellic acid

Jahnke¹,

Bier²,

Estruch

et al. 1989

Planta

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The short-lived isotope(11)C (t1/2=20.4 min) has been used to study assimilate distribution in intact pea plants (Pisum sativum L.). Radiolabel was measured at the leaf fed with(11)CO2 (feed-leaf), at the ovary of the flower subtended by this leaf, and in shoot apex and roots of individual plants. Considerable(11)C-radiolabel was detected in the young ovaries during the first days after anthesis. Thereafter, when the ovaries stopped growing the uptake of(11)C rapidly decreased. At this developmental stage only apex and roots were competing for the photoassimilates. Fertilization, however, restored the strong sink activity of the ovaries. The same effect could be achieved by applying gibberellic acid to non-fertilized ovaries. About 2 h after treatment the residual(11)C-radiolabel entering the ovary started to increase and, at about the same time, the ovary resumed growth. Feed-leaf photosynthesis, as well as export of(11)C-radiolabel out of the leaf, was not changed by the treatment. The(11)C experiments show the dynamic behaviour of the sinks during developmental stages from the day of anthesis until 5 d later and demonstrate that phytohormones may play an important role in regulating carbon distribution.

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Physiological Factors in Tomato Fruit‐set

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

Antisense Inhibition of Tomato Fruit Sucrose Synthase Decreases Fruit Setting and the Sucrose Unloading Capacity of Young Fruit

Antisense Inhibition of Tomato Fruit Sucrose Synthase Decreases Fruit Setting and the Sucrose Unloading Capacity of Young Fruit

Inhibition of Auxin Transport from the Ovary or from the Apical Shoot Induces Parthenocarpic Fruit-Set in Tomato Mediated by Gibberellins

Distribution of photoassimilates in the pea plant: chronology of events in non-fertilized ovaries and effects of gibberellic acid

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