Physiological Indices of Visual Fatigue due to VDT Operation: Pupillary Reflexes and Accommodative Responses.

Saito, Susumu; Sotoyama, Midori; Saito, Shin; Taptagaporn, Sasitorn

doi:10.2486/indhealth.32.57

Cited by 62 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This result was in accordance with our previous report 5 on 2DD. A similar result has been reported from another laboratory, 10 where a systematic prolongation of accommodation time was observed after a 10-min viewing of 3-D CG movies with a 3DD. 10 The comparison between 3-D viewing and 2-D viewing in this study suggested that the effect on the human visual system was stronger in 3-D viewing with an eyeglass-free 3DD than in 2-D viewing with a 2DD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…A similar result has been reported from another laboratory, 10 where a systematic prolongation of accommodation time was observed after a 10-min viewing of 3-D CG movies with a 3DD. 10 The comparison between 3-D viewing and 2-D viewing in this study suggested that the effect on the human visual system was stronger in 3-D viewing with an eyeglass-free 3DD than in 2-D viewing with a 2DD. We attribute the enhancement of the effect with a 3DD to the discrepancy between accommodation and vergence during the 3-D viewing, because the other conditions were carefully randomized.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of an Eyeglass-free 3-D Display on the Human Visual System

Suzuki

Onda

Katada

et al. 2004

Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Effects of an Eyeglass-free 3-D Display on the Human Visual System

Suzuki

Onda

Katada

et al. 2004

Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…tive tension in Korean adults immediately after computer work. [25] Some decrease of AA and AF after computer work for 2 h was also reported by Saito et al [26] In addition, it was found that a shorter interval of computer work, such as 20 min, induced dry eye, which can lead to severe asthenopia. [27] However, findings obtained after a VDT work such as a CRT monitor may not be directly applied for suggesting the change of accommodative function after smartphone use because ergonomic workstation and video display technology have been continuously improved since these earlier studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Changes in Accommodative Function of Young Adults in their Twenties following Smartphone Use

Park¹,

Ahn²,

Kim³

et al. 2014

Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society

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································································································································································································································Purpose: The present study was conducted to investigate whether near work with smartphone could induce the change of accommodative function. Methods: Total 63 subjects(26 male and 37 female) in their 20s were firstly examined their visual functions related to accommodation and uncorrected spherical equivalent power as the control. After that, the subjects were asked to read a book for 30 min and sequentially watch a movie on smartphone for the same time after 30 min-break under the indoor light or as it was in the reverse order to avoid time-ordered effect. Their accommodative functions, 1) accommodative amplitude, 2) accommodative facility, 3) relative positive/negative accommodation, and 4) accommodative lag and their uncorrected spherical equivalent power were examined again following each task and compared with the control values. Results: The monocular accommodative amplitude was significantly decreased after smartphone watching compared with it after reading. The monocular and binocular accommodative facilities were tended to reduce after smartphone watching and book reading but were not significantly different. Neither significant change in positive relative accommodation was determined after smartphone watching nor book reading. Negative relative accommodation after smartphone watching was almost unchanged unlike reading a book. The accommodative lag after smartphone work was significantly higher than after book reading. Conclusions: The near work with a smartphone for 30 min induced the change of some accommodative functions, which was significantly greater than when reading under the same working environment.Key words: Accommodative amplitude, Accommodative facility, Accommodative lag, Near work, Relative accommodation, Smartphone ································································································································································································································ INTRODUCTIONIn recent years, the use of small electronic devices such as tablet computers, PDAs, and smartphones has increased worldwide as easier and faster execution of various tasks such as information retrieval by internet access and schedule management is possible without any restrictions by time or place. An estimated 32.7% of the world's population are now internet users, ranging from 78.4% of the population of North America to 13.5% of that of Africa, which is a 4% increase from 2010.[1,2] The rapid expansion of internet usage has been facilitated by the increased penetration rates of mobile phones, including smartphones. SUBJECTS AND METHODS . [5,6] Based on data from a previous study [7] and the recommendation from the Korea Ministry of Employment and Labor, [17] the working angle for reading a book or viewing a smartphone wa...

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“…[1][2][3][4][12][13][14][15] Bu şikayetler görsel ve oküler yüzey hasarına bağlı semptomlar olarak iki ana gruba ayrılmaktadır. Uzun süreli bilgisayar kullanımı akomodasyon ve verjans fonksiyonlarında bozulmaya yol açmaktadır.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Bilgisayar Kullanıcılarında Görülen Oküler Yüzey Değişikliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi

...

2012

Tjo

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ÖzetAmaç: Bu çalışmada bilgisayar kullanımına bağlı olarak ortaya çıkabilecek oküler yüzey değişikliklerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ge reç ve Yön tem: Selçuk Üniversitesi Meram Tıp Fakültesinde sekreter olarak çalışan ve günlük bilgisayar kullanım süreleri en az 6 saat olan 40 gönüllü birey (Grup 1) ve bilgisayar kullanım süresi 6 saatin altında olan 50 sağlıklı birey (Grup 2) incelendi. Katılımcıların rutin göz muayenelerini takiben gözyaşı kırılma zamanı (GKZ) ölçüldü, anestezili ve anestezisiz Schirmer testleri yapıldı ve OSDI (Oküler yüzey hastalık indeksi) anketi uygulandı. Grup 1'deki katılımcılar çalışma ortamlarında ziyaret edilerek bilgisayarların monitör özellikleri, monitör pozisyonları, ortamda klima bulunup bulunmadığı ve bilgisayar kullanımı sırasında dakikadaki göz kırpma sayıları belirlendi. İstatistiksel analizler SPSS paket program kullanılarak yapıldı. Sağ ve sol gözlerin karşılaştırılmasında Wilcoxon-Signed testi, Grup 1 ve 2'nin karşılaştırılmasında Mann-Whitney U testi kullanıldı ve p<0,05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi. So nuç lar: Grup 1'deki bireylerin %45'i erkek, %55'i kadındı ve yaş ortalaması 27,73±4,8 yıldı. Grup 2'dekilerin %54'ü erkek, %46'sı kadındı ve yaş ortalaması 25,96±4,2 yıldı. Günlük bilgisayar kullanım süreleri birinci grupta 9,00±1,8 saat, ikinci grupta 1,92±1,1 saat olarak tespit edildi (p<0,001). Grup 1'de göz kırpma sayısı, GKZ, anestezisiz ve anestezili Schirmer testleri grup 2'den istatistiksel olarak daha düşük bulunurken (p<0,001), OSDI skorlaması istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu (p<0,001). Grup 1'de çalışma ortamında klima bulunan hastaların gözyaşı parametreleri ve OSDI skorları klima bulunmayan bireylerden farklılık göstermemekteydi (p>0,05). Grup 1'de GKZ, anestezili Schirmer ve OSDI skorları ekran pozisyonuna ve tipine göre farklılık göstermemekteydi (p>0,05). Tar t›fl ma: Bilgisayarın uzun süreli kullanımı göz kırpma sayısında azalmaya, gözyaşı fonksiyon testlerinde bozulmaya ve kuru göz semptomlarına neden olmaktadır. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2012; 42: 190-6) Anah tar Ke li me ler: Bilgisayar, kuru göz, gözyaşı kırılma zamanı, Schirmer testi, OSDI skorlaması Sum maryPur po se: To evaluate the ocular surface changes related to computer use. Ma te ri al and Met hod: 40 volunteered subjects working in secretarial duties who spend at least 6 hours a day using computers in Selcuk University Meram Faculty of Medicine (Group 1) and 50 healthy control subjects who spend less than 6 hours a day using computers (Group 2) were evaluated. Following routine ophthalmological examination, tear break up time (BUT), Schirmer's test (with topical anesthesia and without topical anesthesia) and OSDI (Ocular surface disease index) were recorded for all subjects. All computer users were visited at their working environment to evaluate the computers' monitor properties, monitor positions, and the existence of air conditioner and to count the eye blinks per minute during computer use. Statistical analyses were made by using SPSS software package....

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Physiological Indices of Visual Fatigue due to VDT Operation: Pupillary Reflexes and Accommodative Responses.

Cited by 62 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of an Eyeglass-free 3-D Display on the Human Visual System

Effects of an Eyeglass-free 3-D Display on the Human Visual System

Changes in Accommodative Function of Young Adults in their Twenties following Smartphone Use

Bilgisayar Kullanıcılarında Görülen Oküler Yüzey Değişikliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi

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