Physiological relationships between hypothalamus and cerebral cortex

Ingram, W. R.; Knott, John R.; Wheatley, M. D.; Summers, T.D.

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(51)90053-3

Cited by 62 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It has been shown, on the contrary, that suitable lesions in the hypothalamus and thalamus and extensive destruction of upper midbrain tegmentum profoundly affect spontaneous cortical potential patterns and produce behavior changes in animals and man (Ingram and associates, 6 Lindsley and associates, 7 Meyer and Hunter,8 and Baird and associates9). "Activation," or the evocation of an alerting effect on cortical potentials by stimulation of the reticular formation and hypothalamus, and evocation of recruiting responses by stimulation of reticular formation, thalamus, and some basal ganglionic structures have been extensively studied, especially by the groups of Magoun and Jasper.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Subcortical Lesions on Cortical Electroencephalogram in Cats

Knott¹

1955

Arch NeurPsych

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of experiments to be presented here the ef¬ fects of lesions in various parts of the thalamus, internal capsule, and caudate nu¬ cleus, and, to some extent, in the midbrain, on cortical potential patterns were studied. METHODSElectrolytic lesions were produced stereotactically in selected regions of the thalamus, midbrain, internal capsule, and caudate nu¬ cleus in 35 cats. Postoperative observations of general behavior and responsiveness were made over periods ranging from one week to several months. Cortical potentials were recorded through silver electrodes fastened into holes in the skull with acrylic plastic, the lead wires be¬ ing soldered to the electrodes, which were in contact with the dura in either the frontal or the occipital region. These leads were placed in a preliminary operation. Usually eight contact points were available. A fourchannel electroencephalograph was used for most observations; a Grass Model III eightchannel instrument and a low-frequency an¬ alyzer were, in some instances, also employed in recording cortical potentials.After implantation of the electrodes and operative healing, several prelesion EEG's were taken, at intervals of several days, until it was certain the potential patterns were stable and sufficient information as to bilateral matching was secured. The animals were then reoperated on under pentobarbital (Nembutal) anesthesia, and the lesions were produced, using a craniotomy opening pre¬ pared at the time of the first operation. Re¬ covery was usually rapid. Records were taken soon after recovery from the anesthesia and at intervals thereafter until normal po¬ tentials appeared or until the postoperative patterns stabilized. These recording periods were long enough to permit the animal to Downloaded From: http://archneurpsyc.jamanetwork.com/ by a University of British Columbia Library User on 06/19/2015

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Subcortical Lesions on Cortical Electroencephalogram in Cats

Knott¹

1955

Arch NeurPsych

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“…The method is briefly summarized as follows: (1) preoperatively each animal was used as its own control and given 4-6 mg/kg of Tremorine intraperitoneally, concomitant with 10-12 mg/kg pentobarbital sodium and 30 mg. propantheline bromide (Pro-Banthine Bromide) intramuscularly; (2) postoperatively, equivalent, and in most cases, higher doses of Tremorine than the control were given, and whenever possible pentobarbital was eliminated or reduced; (3) hind-limb responses were always used to judge the presence or absence of drug effect during a minimum period of 50 minutes and maximum of 3 hours.…”

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confidence: 99%

Post-Lesion Tremor Inhibition

Kaelber¹,

Hamel²

1961

Arch Neurol

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“…Lindsley et al (1 950)"O showed that the destruction of sub-and hypothalamus from the optic chiasma to the mammillary bodies reduced or abolished EEG activation and produced high voltage slow waves and spindles, in acute experiments. Ingram et al ( 1949) 23 reported that a slowing of cortical EEG after the destruction of hypothalamus was changed to alert type by external stimuli. It was believed that the hypothalamus normally exerts an alerting effect upon the cortex.…”

Section: Underlying Brain Mechanism Of Deltamentioning

confidence: 99%

Delta Component Variations in Human Sleep Electroencephalogram

Koga

1977

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Summary All night sleep was recorded polygraphically on 14 healthy adults, once for each person, and EEG was analyzed with bandpass filters. The integrated values during successive 10 second epochs were recorded consecutively at 1 mm intervals, separately for each frequency band. The variations of integrated values for long time span were clearly observed, The findings on 1–2 Hz component are reported exclusively in this report. (1) Four variation patterns were classified on the variations of integrated values of 1–2 Hz band component; long undulation, short undulation, irregular undulation and slight fluctuation. Short undulation was superimposed on long undulation. Long undulation had a gradually increasing slope, a plateau and steeply decreasing slope. Irregular undulation showed generally irregular fluctuations, without any definite variation patterns. During slight fluctuation the variations were small. Long undulation and irregular undulation corresponded to slow‐wave sleep and slight fluctuation corresponded to REM sleep. The mean duration of each long undulation and irregular undulation was 31.2 and 11.9 minutes, respectively. In long undulation, 62.8 % of the time was occupied by Stage 2 and the lesser ratio by Stages 3 and 4. In irregular undulation 89.1 % of the time corresponded to Stage 2. (2) One sleep cycle was composed of the three sleep states which were accompanied with variation patterns, long undulation, irregular undulation and slight fluctuation. The sequence of the appearance of the former two patterns in one sleep cycle was classified into four types. About half of the sleep cycles in all records exhibited Type 1; the pattern started with long undulation, after one or several long undulations followed by irregular undulation and proceeded to slight fluctuation. The average number of long undulation in one sleep cycle was 1.58. (3) On all records, the highest long undulations appeared in the first cycle of all night sleep, in both frontal and central areas. In the occipital area, some of the highest crests appeared in the second cycle. When the highest of long undulations appeared, the height tended to decrease prior to wakening. The crest line of long undulation in frontal and central areas crossed in the latter period of all night sleep, in five controls. The mean voltage of long undulation in frontal, central and occipital areas Was 52.4, 42.5 and 23.5 microvolts, respectively. The underlying physiological mechanism of delta waves in human sleep EEG and Possible brain structures essential for long undulation and irregular undulation were discussed from both the clinical and experimental aspects.

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Physiological relationships between hypothalamus and cerebral cortex

Cited by 62 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of Subcortical Lesions on Cortical Electroencephalogram in Cats

Effects of Subcortical Lesions on Cortical Electroencephalogram in Cats

Post-Lesion Tremor Inhibition

Delta Component Variations in Human Sleep Electroencephalogram

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