Physiological response of irrigated and non-irrigated Norway spruce trees as a consequence of drought in field conditions

Kurjak, Daniel; Střelcová, Katarína; Ditmarová, Ľubica; Priwitzer, Tibor; Kmeť, Jaroslav; Homolák, Marián; Pichler, Viliam

doi:10.1007/s10342-012-0611-z

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Spruce saplings were subjected to 228 hr of AOVPD1.5 at the lowest site in 2013, which is more than twice as much as in 2014 (92 hr). An exceedance in VPD above the threshold of 1.5 kPa can stimulate the closure of stomata in spruce (Kurjak et al., ; Zweifel et al., ). Assuming that there is a reduction in carbon up take, or even suppression depending on the degree of stomatal closure, these results suggest that spruce growth was limited by a large amount of VPD hours above 1.5 kPa in 2013 but not in 2014.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A VPD threshold of 1.5 kPa was chosen to represent the approximate value above which stomata close in both species (Kurjak et al., ; Lendzion & Leuschner, ; Zweifel, Bohm, & Hasler, ). We used this VPD to represent the extremely dry air during an extended summer drought.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A VPD threshold of 1.5 kPa was chosen to represent the approximate value above which stomata close in both species (Kurjak et al, 2012;Lendzion & Leuschner, 2008;Zweifel, Bohm, & Hasler, 2002).…”

Section: Defining Climatic Extremesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vapor–pressure deficit and extreme climatic variables limit tree growth

Cárcer

Vitasse

Peñuelas

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

106

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Assessing the effect of global warming on forest growth requires a better understanding of species-specific responses to climate change conditions. Norway spruce and European beech are among the dominant tree species in Europe and are largely used by the timber industry. Their sensitivity to changes in climate and extreme climatic events, however, endangers their future sustainability. Identifying the key climatic factors limiting their growth and survival is therefore crucial for assessing the responses of these two species to ongoing climate change. We studied the vulnerability of beech and spruce to warmer and drier conditions by transplanting saplings from the top to the bottom of an elevational gradient in the Jura Mountains in Switzerland. We (1) demonstrated that a longer growing season due to warming could not fully account for the positive growth responses, and the positive effect on sapling productivity was species-dependent, (2) demonstrated that the contrasting growth responses of beech and spruce were mainly due to different sensitivities to elevated vapor-pressure deficits (VPD), (3) determined the species-specific limits to VPD above which growth rate began to decline, and (4) demonstrated that models incorporating extreme climatic events could account for the response of growth to warming better than models using only average values. These results support that the sustainability of forest trees in the coming decades will depend on how extreme climatic events will change, irrespective of the overall warming trend.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vapor–pressure deficit and extreme climatic variables limit tree growth

Cárcer

Vitasse

Peñuelas

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

106

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“…Under the climatic conditions of Central Europe, tree species do not have sufficiently efficient defence mechanisms or strategies to survive severe drought periods without negative impact on their physiological processes and subsequently on their growth, production and the overall vitality. A number of authors point out that drought stress and high summer air temperatures have a direct influence on physiological processes, phenology and ultimately also on tree species distribution and occurrence (Beniston & Innes 1998;Kurjak et al 2012). In Central Europe, Norway spruce was frequently planted outside the areas of its natural occurrence and its ecological optimum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in transpiration of Norway spruce drought stressed trees and trees well supplied with water

et al. 2013

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The paper focuses on the evaluation of transpiration as a physiological process, which is very sensitive to drought stress. Reactions of 25-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees to drought were examined during 2009 summer. Sap flow rate (SF), meteorological and soil characteristics were measured continually. Vapour pressure deficit of the air (VPD) and cumulative transpiration deficit (KTD) was calculated. During the second half of the vegetation period, the decrease in soil water content was observed and irrigation was applied to a group of spruce trees, while the second group was treated under natural soil drought. On the days, when the differences in transpiration between irrigated (IR) and non-irrigated (NIR) trees were significant (21 days), transpiration of NIR trees was only 23% of the transpiration of IR trees. We found significant differences in transpiration when the soil water content (SWC) of NIR variant at a depth of 5-15 cm ranged from 10.4 to 13.7%. Under both regimes of water availability, daily transpiration significantly responded to atmospheric conditions. However, the influence of all assessed meteorological parameters on SF of NIR trees was significantly lower than on IR tree. The dependency of transpiration on evaporative demands of atmosphere decreased with the decreasing soil moisture. Cumulative transpiration deficit of the stand during the entire evaluated period was 50.9 mm. The difference between the transpiration of the mean NIR tree and of the mean IR tree was 278.8 L over the assessed period of 47 days (5.9 L per day). The transpiration of NIR trees was 40.3% from the transpiration of IR trees during this period.

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“…The response of stomata is more closely linked to air conditions and soil moisture content than to leaf water status (Yordanov et al 2003). The decrease of Ψ L seems to be the simple result of the reduced water availability rather than the reason of early stomatal closure (Kurjak et al 2012). Filled circles represent the data measured on the irrigated trees on the first and second measurement days before the great differences in soil water potential were observed, empty circles represent the data measured on the third and the fourth days.…”

Section: Chlorophyll Fluorescence Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic response of European beech to atmospheric and soil drought

Priwitzer¹,

Kurjak²,

Kmeť³

et al. 2014

Forestry Journal

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Physiological response of European beech under soil and atmospheric drought conditions was investigated in this study. A group of six beech trees was irrigated during the growing season 2012, while the second group of non-irrigated (control) beech trees was treated under natural soil drought. During the experiment, we observed more than 45-day long period when no precipitation fell on the soil surface. The relationship of P N (CO 2 assimilation rate) to g S (stomatal conductance) was very tight in both groups, which indicates that stomatal opening was the main factor limiting P N . The statistically significant differences in g S between the groups of trees were revealed only on the last measuring day. The significant differences in P N were confirmed on the days when the differences in soil water potential (Ψ S ) appeared. On these measurement days, the P N values of irrigated individuals were approximately 1.9 or 3.3 times greater than the values of non-irrigated individuals. At the level of primary photosynthetic processes (chlorophyll fluorescence parameters) we did not observe lower values of the control individuals in comparison with the irrigated trees in any of the evaluated parameters. Long-term soil water deficit caused strong decrease of leaf water potential (Ψ L ) in the control trees, but Ψ L values of the irrigated trees were also rather low due to diurnal dynamics in higher parts of crown. Close relationship between Ψ L and g S was confirmed for the control (non-irrigated) trees, but could not be confirmed for the irrigated trees. We revealed significant influence of VPD (vapour pressure deficit of the air) on g S only in the control group. On the days when Ψ S decreased, the stomata of the non-irrigated trees were closed in spite of the low VPD values. Almost complete stomatal closure in both groups of trees was caused by the increase of VPD to 1.2 kPa. Keywords: Fagus sylvatica; water deficit; vapour pressure deficit; leaf water potential; stomatal closure Abstrakt Príspevok sa zaoberá skúmaním fyziologických reakcií buka na atmosférické a pôdne sucho. Skupina šiestich bukov bola zavlažovaná počas vegetačnej sezóny 2012, pričom druhá skupina bukov (kontrola) bola ponechaná v prirodzených pôdnych vlahových podmienkach. Počas experimentu bola pozorovaná viac než 45 dní trvajúca perióda, kedy sa zrážková voda nedostala na povrch pôdy. Potvrdili sme silnú závislosť rýchlosti asimilácie (P N ) na prieduchovej vodivosti (g S ), čo dokazuje, že otvorenosť prieduchov bola hlavným limitujúcim faktorom priebehu asimilácie CO 2 . Štatisticky významné rozdiely g S medzi skupinami boli potvrdené len počas posledného merania. Významné rozdiely v P N sa potvrdili pre dni, v ktorých sme zistili výrazné rozdiely vo vodnom potenciáli pôdy (Ψ S ). Počas týchto dní boli priemerné hodnoty P N pre zalievané stromy 1,9, resp. 3,3-krát vyššie v porovnaní s nezavlažovanými jedincami. Na úrovni primárnych fotosyntetických procesov (parametre fluorescencie chlorofylu) sme nezistili nižšie hodnoty kontrolných jedin...

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Physiological response of irrigated and non-irrigated Norway spruce trees as a consequence of drought in field conditions

Cited by 25 publications

References 50 publications

Vapor–pressure deficit and extreme climatic variables limit tree growth

Vapor–pressure deficit and extreme climatic variables limit tree growth

Differences in transpiration of Norway spruce drought stressed trees and trees well supplied with water

Photosynthetic response of European beech to atmospheric and soil drought

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