The purposes of this study were twofold. First, to evaluate the cardiorespiratory and muscle oxygenation (OXY)/blood volume (BV) responses during repetitive incremental lifting and lowering (RILL) in healthy males and females. Second, to develop a predictive equation for predicting peak aerobic power (VO(2peak)) during RILL from the cardiorespiratory, OXY/BV and body composition variables. Fourteen males and 18 females [mean (SD) for age, height and body mass were: 29.6 (8.2) years; 1.75 (0.07) m; 78.9 (10.4) kg and 23.9 (2.1) years; 1.63 (0.06) m; 62.3 (6.3) kg, respectively] completed a RILL from floor to table height at 10 lifts/min to voluntary fatigue. Cardiorespiratory responses were measured using open circuit spirometry and hemodynamic trends were monitored bilaterally at the third lumbar vertebra via near infrared spectroscopy. Significant sex differences ( p<0.05) were observed for the peak values of oxygen uptake (VO(2peak)), ventilation rate (V(E)), oxygen pulse, BV-max and BV-delta. Erector spinae OXY decreased systematically until VO(2peak )was attained, while BV decreased until approximately 50% of VO(2peak) and then leveled off. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that approximately 75% of the variance in VO(2peak )was predicted from cardiorespiratory, hemodynamic and body composition variables, with the most important predictors for absolute and relative VO(2peak )being V(E) ( r=0.75) and fat mass ( r=-0.63) respectively. Inclusion of left side OXY/BV responses increased the predictability of the common variance in VO(2peak )from 40% to 74%, implying that muscle hemodynamics play an important role in determining VO(2peak )during RILL.