Physiological Responses and Lactation to Cutaneous Evaporative Heat Loss in &lt;i&gt;Bos indicus&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Bos taurus&lt;/i&gt;, and Their Crossbreds

Wang, Jian; Yang, Ke; Li, Cheng

doi:10.5713/ajas.14.0526

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Cutaneous evaporation is recognized as the most important mode of heat dissipation in cattle. Thus, higher diameter, volume, perimeter and density of sweat gland in animals are considered to be good adaptive traits for hot environments (Jian et al, 2016). Smaller body size of tropical indigenous cattle breeds (as compared with English and European cattle) is recognized as being beneficial for surviving in harsh environments, due in part to the smaller animals' lower feed and water requirements ( Figure 3).…”

Section: Morphological Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Adaptation of animals to heat stress

Sejian

Bhatta

Gaughan

et al. 2018

Animal

355

206

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Livestock plays an important role in the global economy. Climate change effects are not only limited to crop production, but also affect livestock production, for example reduced milk yields and milk quality, reduced meat production and reduced fertility. Therefore, livestock-based food security is threatened in many parts of the world. Furthermore, multiple stressors are a common phenomenon in many environments, and are likely to increase due to climate change. Among these stresses, heat stress appears to be the major factor which negatively influences livestock production. Hence, it is critical to identify agro-ecological zone-specific climate resilient thermo-tolerant animals to sustain livestock production. Livestock responds to the changing environments by altering their phenotypic and physiological characters. Therefore, survivability of the animal often depends on its ability to cope with or adapt to the existing conditions. So to sustain livestock production in an environment challenged by climate change, the animals must be genetically suitable and have the ability to survive in diversified environments. Biological markers or biomarkers indicate the biological states or alterations in expression pattern of genes or state of protein that serve as a reference point in breeding for the genetic improvement of livestock. Conventionally, identification of animals with superior genetic traits that were economically beneficial was the fundamental reason for identifying biomarkers in animals. Furthermore, compared with the behavioural, morphological or physiological responses in animals, the genetic markers are important because of the possibility of finding a solution to animal adaptability to climate change.

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Section: Morphological Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Adaptation of animals to heat stress

Sejian

Bhatta

Gaughan

et al. 2018

Animal

355

206

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“…Although, lesser serum BHB concentrations were indicative of improved reproductive performance in beef cows (Mulliniks et al, 2013), in the present study, the greater BHB was observed in the Late group, in which P/AI was also greater. This relatively greater BHB detected in Late group can be associated with the increasing milk production in B. indicus (Oliveira et al, 2007;Jian et al, 2015) and the nadir of BCS after parturition (Diaz et al, 2017;Pfeifer et al, 2017). Bos indicus cows maintained on pastures have a reduction in BCS from parturition until about 80 days postpartum.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Uterine inflammation and fertility of beef cows subjected to timed AI at different days postpartum

Pfeifer

Andrade²,

Moreira

et al. 2018

Animal Reproduction Science

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the uterine health and fertility of postpartum beef cows subjected to timed AI (TAI) protocols at different days from calving. Lactating Nelore cows (Bos indicus; n = 244) were used in this study. The TAI protocols were initiated between 20 and 60 days postpartum (DPP). Cows were subjected to an estradiol-progesterone based TAI protocol. The cows were divided into three groups according to the days postpartum at the time the hormonal treatment was initiated: 1) Early (n = 64), cows between 20 and 30 DPP; 2) Middle (n = 115), cows between 31 and 45 DPP; and 3) Late (n = 65), cows between 46 and 60 DPP. At Day 0 of the protocol, endometrial cytobrush samples were collected. Slides for polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell counting were prepared and cytobrush was used for RNA extraction and analysis of relative abundance of il1, il6, il8, and tnf mRNA. Cows from the Early group had less (P < 0.05) pregnancies per AI (P/AI) than cows from Middle and Late groups; 29.7% (19/64), 45.2% (52/115), and 52.31% (34/65), respectively. Accordingly, the Early group had a greater (P < 0.05) proportion of PMN cells in the uterus than Middle and Late groups; 9.0%, 3.8%, and 2.2%, respectively. Relative abundances of il1 and il8 mRNA were greater (P < 0.05) in the Early group than Middle and Late groups. These results indicate that beef cows subjected to TAI protocols early postpartum (< 30 DPP) are less likely to become pregnant, which is associated with increased inflammation and relative abundance of mRNA for the proinflammatory cytokines il1 and il8.

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“…Cutaneous evaporation is recognized as the most important mode of heat dissipation in cattle (Jian et al 2016). Presence of smooth, light, short and thin hairs in cows help to enhance maximum heat dissipation during thermal stress conditions (Fanta 2017).…”

Section: Morphological Adaptation Of Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

Resilient capacity of cattle to environmental challenges – An updated review

Parameshwarappa¹,

Physiology²,

Sejian³

et al. 2019

JABB

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Livestock rearing plays an integral role in enabling small and marginal farmers to ensure their livelihood security, which prevents both the food insecurity and poverty. Among the livestock, large ruminants and in particular cattle plays a significant role from economic perspectives. This review is an attempt to compile information pertaining to thermo-tolerance of cattle to heat stress challenges. Heat stress has serious consequences, which negatively influence cattle production causing severe economic burden to the cattle farmers. The ability of the cattle to perform normal biological functions in various adverse environmental conditions denotes its resilient capacity. The resilience capacity is determined by various traits which govern maintaining their body conformation, respiratory and cutaneous evaporative cooling mechanisms, hair coat, maintenance of metabolic rate, feed efficiency, tolerance to dehydration, production maintenance and reproductive efficiency. Breed differences were established for climate resilience and the superiority of indigenous breeds over exotic animals were established in this aspect. The resilience capacity of indigenous cattle based on changes associated with both phenotypic and genotypic traits were reviewed and several biological markers, which reflect the ability of cattle to survive in different climatic conditions, were highlighted. The significance of refining the existing breed program for imparting climate resilience was projected to identify breeds, which have the ability to survive in different agro-ecological zones.

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Physiological Responses and Lactation to Cutaneous Evaporative Heat Loss in <i>Bos indicus</i>, <i>Bos taurus</i>, and Their Crossbreds

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

Review: Adaptation of animals to heat stress

Review: Adaptation of animals to heat stress

Uterine inflammation and fertility of beef cows subjected to timed AI at different days postpartum

Resilient capacity of cattle to environmental challenges – An updated review

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