Physiological responses of broiler chickens fed reduced-energy diets supplemented with emulsifiers

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the physiological effects of exogenous emulsifiers in broiler chickens that were fed tallow-incorporated reduced-energy diets over 35 days.Methods: A total of 256 Ross 308 one-day-old broilers (42.28 ± 0.16 g) were randomly allocated in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to 32 pens with eight chicks per cage. Birds were fed one of four dietary treatments as follows: (1) positive control (PCN; energy sufficient diet); (2) negative control (NCN; energy-deficient diet, -100 ME kcal/kg); (3) PCL (PCN plus 0.05% emulsifier) and ( 4) NCL (NCN plus 0.05% emulsifier). Growth performance was evaluated weekly whereas assessments for the carcass traits, digestibility, some blood metabolites, ileal morphology, and meat quality were measured on d 21 and d 35.Results: Birds fed the NCL diet had higher (P < 0.05) body weights, daily gains, daily feed intake, and improved feed efficiency over the entire 35-day period. Improvements (P < 0.05) for the ileal digestibility of crude fat, energy, and dry matter commensurate with longer (P < 0.05) villus heights were also observed with emulsifiers in the NCL and PCL diets. For the carcass measurements, only the liver weights were increased (P< 0.05) with emulsifiers in the supplemented groups. For blood metabolites, higher (P < 0.05) lipase levels were noticed with emulsifiers in the NCL and PCL diets. In addition, marginal reductions (P = 0.076; P= 0.095, respectively) were also noted with emulsifiers for the total cholesterol and triglyceride contents on d 35. Regarding meat quality, breast muscle yellowness was increased (P < 0.05) with emulsifier use in supplemented groups.

Effects of metabolizable energy and emulsifier supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, body composition, and carcass yield in broilers

“…In addition, the ME levels × emulsifier interaction effect in BWG and improved FCR by emulsifier supplementation during d 28 to 42 indicate that the emulsifier has beneficial effects on the BWG of birds fed reduced ME diets. In agreement with our result, other studies reported that using single or blended emulsifiers containing sodium stearoyl lactylate, glycerol monostearate, and glyceryl distearate improved BWG and FCR of broiler during the finisher and overall period ( Wang et al, 2020 ; Hoque et al, 2022 ; Oketch et al, 2022 ). In addition, many studies have confirmed that exogenous emulsifiers positively affect key growth performance parameters ( Jansen et al, 2015 ; Chen et al, 2019 ; Ge et al, 2019 ), suggesting that emulsifiers are indeed cost-effective feed additives to improve nutrient utilization and growth performance in broilers.…”

“… Hoque et al (2022) reported that sodium stearoyl-2-Lactylate supplementation levels linearly improved FCR in broilers fed reduced ME diets during d 1 to 7 and d 7 to 21. Oketch et al (2022) revealed that the blended emulsifier containing sodium stearoyl lactylate, glycerol monostearate, and glyceryl distearate improved the FCR during d 0 to 28. In addition, similar studies also found that exogenous emulsifier supplementation improved growth performance during the starter and grower periods ( Khonyoung et al, 2015 ; Ge et al, 2019 ).…”

Physiology of lipid digestion and absorption in poultry: An updated review on the supplementation of exogenous emulsifiers in broiler diets

“…Such improvements could translate to enhanced intestinal absorption activity. Marginal improvements in the villus absorptive surface area have also been reported (Oketch et al, 2022). The morphological improvements could result from the synergistic interactions of feed ingredients including dietary emulsifiers as opposed to the influence of the emulsifier in isolation (Brautigan et al, 2017).…”

“…Figure 1 summarises the nutritional, biochemical, and physiological roles of dietary lipids in animals. However, there is a physiological age‐related depression in the capacity of young birds to utilise dietary lipids effectively (Oketch et al, 2022). Therefore, several strategies toward optimising the energy‐yielding potential of dietary lipids including the supplementation of exogenous emulsifiers have been investigated (Ravindran et al, 2016).…”

Differences in bedding material type could alter the growth performance of White Pekin ducks raised over 42 days

“…The head and the shanks were then separated at the first cervical vertebra and the ankle joint, respectively [32]. The birds were then weighed, and the resulting value was recorded as the hot carcass weight [33]. The carcass percentage was then calculated using the hot carcass weight as a percentage of the live body weight.…”