Physiological Responses to Standardised Arm Work

Ct, Davies; Aj, Sargeant

doi:10.1080/00140137408931311

Cited by 58 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The longer duration of exercise during the T SCCR tests [11.2 (1.7) vs 15.4 (1.5) min] probably caused a higher muscular strain. Such a local muscular strain is a feature of the lower stamina of the upper limbs (Davies and Sargeant 1974). In a recent review, Sawka (1986) suggested that the combination of power, exercise duration, and crank rate should be carefully chosen to obtain an optimal evaluation during exhaustive events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological effects of variations in spontaneously chosen crank rate during incremental upper-body exercise

Weissland

Pelayo

Vanvelcenaher

et al. 1997

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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The aims of the present study were: first, to assess the interindividual variations of a spontaneously chosen crank rate (SCCR) in relation to the power developed during an incremental upper body exercise on an arm ergometer set at a constant power regime, and second, to compare heart rate (HR) responses, expired minute ventilation (V[E]) and oxygen consumption (VO2) when the pedal rates were chosen spontaneously (T[SCCR]) or set at +/- 10% of the freely chosen rates (T[+10%] and T[-10%], respectively). The mean pedal rate values were linearly related (P < 0.01) with the power developed during arm cranking (r = 0.96), although large variations of pedalling rate strategies were observed between subjects. Maximal power (MP) and time to exhaustion values were significantly higher (P < 0.05) during T(SCCR) than during T(+10%) and T(-10%). Peak VO2 values were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in T(+10%) than in T(SCCR) and T(-10%). The increase in HR, V(E), and VO2 mean values, in relation to the increase in the power developed, was significantly higher (P < 0.05) when the pedal rate was set at plus 10% of the SCCR (T[+/-10%]) than in the two other conditions. The findings of the present study suggest that the use of an electromagnetically braked ergometer, which automatically adjusts the resistance component to maintain a constant work rate, should be used in order to achieve the highest MP values during an incremental upper body exercise. A 10% increase of the SCCR should be used in order to provide the highest peak VO2 value.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological effects of variations in spontaneously chosen crank rate during incremental upper-body exercise

Weissland

Pelayo

Vanvelcenaher

et al. 1997

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…This is quite different from an exercise performed only with the legs. The physiological response to work with the arms is mechanically less efficient and V 02 max (maximum V 02) is less by about 35 per cent than that of similar exercise with the legs ( A strand and Saltin, 1961;Asmussen and Hemmingsen, 1958;Bar-Or and Zwiren, 1975;Davies and Sargeant, 1974; Stenberg et ai., 1967; Vokac et ai., 1975). Furthermore, a wheelchair ergometer is mechanically less efficient than the crank ergometer which is used for arm (n = 10) (n = 13) (n = 10) (n = 20)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical fitness of paraplegics in full wheelchair marathon racing

et al. 1985

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SummaryThe wheelchair marathon is one of the most difficult sports for participants with much uncertainty regarding the security of the paraplegics. The physical fitness of paraplegics has been examined regularly since The Oita International Wheelchair Marathon (half marathon) was inaugurated (1981). A full marathon (42·195 km) was adopted at The 3rd Meeting (1983). The individual equations between heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption V02 were drawn from the preliminary test on the subjects who were expected to be among the top finishers in these races. V02 during these races was indirectly estimated and showed a fairly low value (35'0 ± 3,8 ml/kg/min in the full race, 32-7 ± 6-3 ml/kg/min in the half race respectively) in comparison with able-bodied elite runners. However, the paraplegic participants had extremely high HR (171·6 ± 20·5 beats/min, 168·1 ± 9·8) con tinuously throughout the race. Though the ratio of active muscle mass of arms to legs in paraplegic athletes may approximate to near equal, paraplegic arms seem to exert physiologically and mechanically less efficient power. There were no significant differences in physical fitness between the full and the half marathon elite finishers. The cardiovascular function of paraplegic athletes may well be ranked among those of able-bodied athletes in their fitness. Full wheelchair marathon seems to be safe if it is held in an appropriate environment.

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“…For arm exercise a positive relationship between total arm volume and 'TO2peak during arm cranking has been shown (6). However the determination of total arm volume needs equipment not easily available, such as to measure limb segment volumes by means of water displacement (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Relation Between Upper Arm Dimensions and Maximal Oxygen Uptake During Arm Exercise

Enders

Hopman²,

Binkhorst³

1994

Int J Sports Med

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The relationship between upper arm dimensions and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2peak) during arm exercise was investigated. Nineteen almost untrained male subjects (22 +/- 2 yrs, 183 +/- 5.5 cm, 74 +/- 7.5 kg; mean +/- SD) volunteered to take part in the study. The following anthropometrical upper arm data were obtained for each subject: upper arm circumference, biceps and triceps skinfold thickness, upper arm length. From these data the cross-sectional area of the muscles, of the muscles plus bone of the upper arm, and the upper arm muscle volume were calculated. Upper arm volume was determined by water immersion. The subjects performed arm cranking with an increasing load of 10 watt each minute (Wpeak 125 +/- 17.4 watt, VO2peak: 2.54 +/- 0.33 l/min; mean +/- SD). Multiple regression analyses showed that VO2peak could be best explained by the cross-sectional area of the muscles plus bone of the upper arm (r = 0.65, p < 0.005). Other factors did not add significantly. The variables as body mass, fatfree body mass, upper arm volume and total arm volume correlated less well with VO2peak (r < 0.5). In conclusion it is suggested to use the easily obtainable cross-sectional area of the muscles plus bone of the upper arm to standardize VO2peak of arm cranking.

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Physiological Responses to Standardised Arm Work

Cited by 58 publications

References 19 publications

Physiological effects of variations in spontaneously chosen crank rate during incremental upper-body exercise

Physiological effects of variations in spontaneously chosen crank rate during incremental upper-body exercise

Physical fitness of paraplegics in full wheelchair marathon racing

The Relation Between Upper Arm Dimensions and Maximal Oxygen Uptake During Arm Exercise

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