Physiological separation of vesicle pools in low- and high-output nerve terminals

Wu, Wen-Hui; Cooper, Robin L.

doi:10.1016/j.neures.2013.01.007

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Since the opener NMJ preparation is physiologically stable for hours with relatively low frequency stimulation or short stimulus trains with prolonged intervals of rest, there was little depression in synaptic efficacy [9,[42][43][44]. Also, the effects of LPS exposure over prolonged periods of time were previously addressed in this preparation [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Bacterial Endotoxin LPS on Serotonergic Modulation of Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission

Bernard

Greenhalgh

Istas

et al. 2020

Biology

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The release of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria is key in the induction of the downstream cytokine release from cells targeting cells throughout the body. However, LPS itself has direct effects on cellular activity and can alter synaptic transmission. Animals experiencing septicemia are generally in a critical state and are often treated with various pharmacological agents. Since antidepressants related to the serotonergic system have been shown to have a positive outcome for septicemic conditions impacting the central nervous system, the actions of serotonin (5-HT) on neurons also exposed to LPS were investigated. At the model glutamatergic synapse of the crayfish neuromuscular junction (NMJ), 5-HT primarily acts through a 5-HT2A receptor subtype to enhance transmission to the motor neurons. LPS from Serratia marcescens also enhances transmission at the crayfish NMJ but by a currently unknown mechanism. LPS at 100 µg/mL had no significant effect on transmission or on altering the response to 5-HT. LPS at 500 µg/mL increased the amplitude of the evoked synaptic excitatory junction potential, and 5-HT in combination with 500 µg/mL LPS continued to promote enhanced transmission. The preparations maintained responsiveness to serotonin in the presence of low or high concentrations of LPS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Bacterial Endotoxin LPS on Serotonergic Modulation of Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission

Bernard

Greenhalgh

Istas

et al. 2020

Biology

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“…It is likely that these compounds are activating the efferent motor neurons within the VNC that have their axons present in this second root. The degree of impact from pharmacological agents is known to be related to the strength of synaptic efficacy (Cooper et al, , ; Sparks et al, ; Wu and Cooper, ). So, depending on the degree of sensory activation the effects could be minimal or substantial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanistic Action of Carbon Dioxide on a Neural Circuit and NMJ Communication

Bierbower

Cooper

2013

J. Exp. Zool.

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Previous studies examining behavioral responses to CO(2) revealed that high [CO(2)] acts as a natural repellent in a concentration dependent manner for crayfish. Physiologically, CO(2) can rapidly block the autonomic responses in heart rate, as well as, inhibit an escape tail flip reflex in crayfish. Here, we demonstrate that the behavioral observations can be mechanistically explained by CO(2) blocking glutamate receptors at the neuromuscular junction and through inhibition of recruiting motor neurons within the CNS. The effects are not mimicked with a lower pH in the bathing solution. Since spontaneous and sensory-evoked activities in the sensory root and motor neurons are reduced by CO(2), this is an anesthetic effect. We propose this is due to blockage of electrical synapses, as well as, some of the central glutamatergic-drive. We used agonists and antagonists (glutamate, nicotine, domoic acid, cadmium, heptanol) to various synaptic inputs, which are possibly present in the ventral nerve cord (VNC). Results from these chemicals supported the idea that there is electrical as well as chemical drive within the circuit that can modulate intrinsic as well as sensory evoked activity in the motor neurons. We have documented that CO(2) has actions in the periphery as well as in the CNS, to account for the behavioral responses previously shown. Furthermore, we document that gap junctions as well as glutamatergic synapses are potential targets. This study also aids in the dissection of a neural circuitry within the VNC that drives spontaneous and sensory evoked activity of the superficial flexor motor neurons.

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Glutamatergic Synthesis, Recycling, and Receptor Pharmacology at Drosophila and Crustacean Neuromuscular Junctions

Titlow

Cooper

2017

Neuromethods

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Physiological separation of vesicle pools in low- and high-output nerve terminals

Cited by 6 publications

References 74 publications

The Effect of Bacterial Endotoxin LPS on Serotonergic Modulation of Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission

The Effect of Bacterial Endotoxin LPS on Serotonergic Modulation of Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission

The Mechanistic Action of Carbon Dioxide on a Neural Circuit and NMJ Communication

Glutamatergic Synthesis, Recycling, and Receptor Pharmacology at Drosophila and Crustacean Neuromuscular Junctions

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