Physiological trade-off between cellular immunity and flight capability in the wing-dimorphic sand cricket, Gryllus firmus

Park, Youngjin; Stanley, David

doi:10.1016/j.aspen.2015.07.007

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This population was derived from wild-caught individuals collected in Gainesville, FL, in 1995, and two lines have been continually artificially selected for either the flight-capable longwing morph (LW) or the flight-incapable shortwing morph (SW; [ 41 ]) for approximately 90 generations. Despite being reared under laboratory conditions, these genetic populations still display significant life-history differences in their metabolic capacities for energy production [ 42 ], response to environmental stressors [ 43 ], immunocompetence [ 44 , 45 ], and gene expression [ 46 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluctuating Asymmetry in the Polymorphic Sand Cricket (Gryllus firmus): Are More Functionally Important Structures Always More Symmetric?

Whalen

Chang

Jones

et al. 2022

Insects

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Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) may serve as a reliable indicator of the functional importance of structures within an organism. Primary locomotor structures often display lower levels of FA than other paired structures, highlighting that selection can maintain symmetry in fitness-enhancing traits. Polyphenic species represent an attractive model for studying the fine-scale relationship between trait form and function, because multiple morphs exhibit unique life history adaptations that rely on different traits to maximize fitness. Here, we investigated whether individuals of the wing polyphenic sand field cricket (Gryllus firmus) maintain higher levels of symmetry in the bilateral structures most vital for maximizing fitness based on their specific life history strategy. We quantified FA and directional asymmetry (DA) across a suite of key morphological structures indicative of investment in somatic growth, reproduction, and flight capability for males and females across the flight-capable longwing (LW) and flight-incapable shortwing (SW) morphs. Although we did not find significant differences in FA across traits, hindwings lacked DA that was found in all other structures. We predicted that functionally important traits should maintain a higher level of symmetry; however, locomotor compensation strategies may reduce the selective pressures on symmetry or developmental constraints may limit the optimization between trait form and function.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluctuating Asymmetry in the Polymorphic Sand Cricket (Gryllus firmus): Are More Functionally Important Structures Always More Symmetric?

Whalen

Chang

Jones

et al. 2022

Insects

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“…In addition to sex biases in immune function and infection, differences in factors such as genetic quality (Spielman et al ., 2004; Rantala & Roff, 2007; Drayton & Jennions, 2011), resource acquisition (Fanson et al ., 2013; Miller & Cotter, 2018), and allocation strategies (Ruiz‐Guzmán et al ., 2012; Park & Stanley, 2015; Kirschman et al ., 2017) produce variation in how individuals, even within a given sex, are able to combat infection. For example, not all individuals will exhibit extreme allocation trade‐offs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weak relationships of parasite infection with sexual and life‐history traits in wild‐caught Texas field crickets (Gryllus texensis)

Worthington

Kelly

Proctor

2020

Ecological Entomology

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1. Sex differences in immune investment and infection rate are predicted due to the divergent life histories of males and females, where females invest more toward immunity due to the fitness consequences of a reduced lifespan and males allocate less toward immunity due to increased resource investment in traits critical to sexual selection. Consequently, males are expected to fight infection less adeptly, resulting in higher parasite loads relative to females across all taxa.2. Wild animals rarely face a single parasite within their given environment, yet nearly all studies on sex-biased infection rates have focused on a single host-parasite relationship. Here, we investigate how simultaneous natural infections of ecto-and endosymbionts (i.e. both parasitic and phoretic taxa) correlate with sex biases in host immune response and reproductive investment in a field-caught cricket, Gryllus texensis.3. Our comprehensive analysis found no significant sex differences in two measures of immune response (melanization and nodulation), and found no strong evidence of a sex bias in the prevalence or intensity of parasitism by the three most common parasites infecting wild G. texensis field crickets (Eutrombidiidae, gregarines, and nematodes).4. Two traits related to female fitness, egg number and egg size, showed no relation to parasitic infection; however, males having wider heads and poorer body condition were significantly more infected by eutrombidiid mites, gregarines, and nematodes.5. Despite frequent predictions of male-biased parasitism in the literature, our results concur with many other studies indicating that the divergent life histories of males and females alone are not sufficient to explain natural infection rates in wild insects.

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“…In the last two decades, immunoecology aimed at shedding light on the causes and consequences of such diversity. Until recently numerous studies were carried out in this subject (reviewed in: Sheldon & Verhulst, 1996; Lochmiller & Deerenberg, 2000; Harshman & Zera, 2007; Cotter et al, 2008; Sadd & Schmid-Hempel, 2009; Crino et al, 2013; Palacios, Cunnick & Bronikowski, 2013; Park & Stanley, 2015), mainly focusing on the variability of adult immunocompetence, and the effects of juvenile-experiences (such as immune-challenge or nutritional deficiency) on adult immunocompetence (Norris & Evans, 2000; Ricklefs & Wikelski, 2002; Jacot et al, 2005; Stoehr & Kokko, 2006; Martin, Weil & Nelson, 2007; DeBlock & Stoks, 2008; Kriengwatana et al, 2013; Gilbert, Karp & Uetz, 2016). However, still surprisingly little is known about how the baseline efficiency of the immune system changes through the different life stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial immune functions of subadults and adults in a semelparous spider

Rádai

Kiss

Nagy

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Although capacity to mount an efficient immune response plays a critical role in individuals’ survival, its dynamics across ontogenetic stages is still largely unexplored. Life stage-dependent variation in the encountered diversity and prevalence of parasites were proposed to contribute to stage-dependent changes in immunity, but differences in life history objectives between developmental stages may also lead to stage-specific changes in efficiency of given immune mechanisms. The reason for this is that juveniles and subadults are unable to reproduce, therefore they invest resources mainly into survival, while adults have to partition their resources between survival and reproduction. The general trade-off between somatic maintenance and reproductive effort is expected to impair immune function. Especially so in semelparous organisms that only reproduce once throughout their lifetime, hence they do not face the trade-off between current and future reproduction. We hypothesised that in a semelparous species individuals would be characterised by decreased investment into somatic maintenance after maturation, in order to maximise their reproductive output. Accordingly, we predicted that (1) elements of somatic maintenance, such as immunity, should be relatively weaker in adults in comparison to subadults, and (2) increased reproductive investment in adults should be associated with lower immune efficiency. We quantified two markers of immunity in subadult and adult individuals of the semelparous wolf spider Pardosa agrestis (Westring, 1861), namely bacterial growth inhibition power and bacterial cell wall lytic activity. We found that subadults showed significantly higher cell wall lytic activity than adults, but the two life stages did not differ in their capacity to inhibit bacterial growth. Also, we found weaker immune measures in mated females compared to virgins. Furthermore, in mated females bacterial growth inhibition power was negatively associated with fecundity.

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Physiological trade-off between cellular immunity and flight capability in the wing-dimorphic sand cricket, Gryllus firmus

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Fluctuating Asymmetry in the Polymorphic Sand Cricket (Gryllus firmus): Are More Functionally Important Structures Always More Symmetric?

Fluctuating Asymmetry in the Polymorphic Sand Cricket (Gryllus firmus): Are More Functionally Important Structures Always More Symmetric?

Weak relationships of parasite infection with sexual and life‐history traits in wild‐caught Texas field crickets (Gryllus texensis)

Antibacterial immune functions of subadults and adults in a semelparous spider

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