Physiological, vascular and nanomechanical assessment of hybrid poplar leaf traits in micropropagated plants and plants propagated from root cuttings: A contribution to breeding programs

Ďurkovič, Jaroslav; Husárová, Hana; Javoříková, Lucia; Čaňová, Ingrid; Šuleková, Miriama; Kardošová, Monika; Lukáčik, Ivan; Mamoňová, Miroslava; Lagaňa, Rastislav

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.07.012

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Generally, the leaves with large areas, high chlorophyll and strong photosynthesis for plant [30] are conductive to the accumulation material and energy, making a large photosynthetic area and a physiological basis of vigorous growth of section Aigeiros clones [31]. On the other hand, increasing transpiration rate resulted in the increasing of leaf area and leaf size [32]. However, under drought stress, the single leaf area decreased significantly to reduce leaf water consumption [33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation and Genetic Parameters of Leaf Morphological Traits of Eight Families from Populus simonii × P. nigra

Ren

Wang

et al. 2020

Forests

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Leaf morphology in Populus L. varies extensively among sections, species and clones under strong genetic control. P. nigra L. (section Aigeiros), with large and triangular leaves, is a commercial forest tree of economic importance for fast growth and high yield in Europe. P. simonii Carr. (section Tacamahaca) with small land rhomboid ovate leaves performs cold and dry resistance/tolerance in the semi-arid region of Northern China. Leaf morphological traits could be used as early indicators to improve the efficiency of selection. In order to investigate the genetic variation pattern of leaf morphology traits, estimate breeding values (combining ability), as well as evaluate crossing combinations of parents, 1872 intersectional progenies from eight families (P. simonii × P. nigra) and their parents were planted with cuttings for the clonal replicate field trial in Northern China. Four leaf size traits (area, perimeter, length, width) and roundness were measured with leaf samples from the 1-year-old clonal plantation. Significant differences regarding leaf traits were found between and among three female clones of P. simonii from Inner Mongolia, China and six male clones of P. nigra from Casale Monferrato, Italy. The genetic variation coefficient, heritability and genetic variance component of most traits in male parents were greater than these of female parents. Heritability estimates of male and female parents were above 0.56 and 0.17, respectively. Plentiful leaf variations with normal and continuous distributions exited in the hybrid progenies among and within families with the genetic variation coefficient and heritability above 28.49 and 0.24, respectively. Heritability estimates showed that leaf area was the most heritable trait, followed by leaf width. The breeding value ranking of parents allowed us to select the parental clones for new crosses and extend the mating design. Two male parental clones (N430 and N429) had greater breeding values (general combining ability, GCA) of leaf size traits than other clones. The special combining ability (SCA) of the crossing combination between P. simonii cl. ZL-3 and P. nigra cl. N430 was greater than that of others. Eight putatively superior genotypes, most combined with the female parental clone ZL-3, can be selected for future testing under near-commercial conditions. Significant genetic and phenotypic correlations were found between five leaf morphology traits with the coefficients above 0.9, except for leaf roundness. The results showed that leaf morphology traits were under strong genetic control and the parental clones with high GCA and SCA effects could be utilized in heterosis breeding, which will provide a starting point for devising a new selection strategy of parents and progenies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation and Genetic Parameters of Leaf Morphological Traits of Eight Families from Populus simonii × P. nigra

Ren

Wang

et al. 2020

Forests

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“…Interestingly, the necrotic tissue was eventually sequestered, and Phytophthora hyphae were prevented from penetrating deeper into the healthy living tissues. Compared to other poplar trees grown in the area, the wood of the hybrid poplar clone T-14 contained a lower amount of lignin and a higher amount of cellulose ( Ďurkovič et al., 2017 ; 2020 ). However, the mechanisms of Phytophthora tolerance have not been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Defense mechanisms promoting tolerance to aggressive Phytophthora species in hybrid poplar

et al. 2022

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Poplars are among the fastest-growing trees and significant resources in agriculture and forestry. However, rapid growth requires a large water consumption, and irrigation water provides a natural means for pathogen spread. That includes members of Phytophthora spp. that have proven to be a global enemy to forests. With the known adaptability to new hosts, it is only a matter of time for more aggressive Phytophthora species to become a threat to poplar forests and plantations. Here, the effects of artificial inoculation with two different representatives of aggressive species (P. cactorum and P. plurivora) were analyzed in the proteome of the Phytophthora-tolerant hybrid poplar clone T-14 [Populus tremula L. 70 × (Populus × canescens (Ait.) Sm. 23)]. Wood microcore samples were collected at the active necrosis borders to provide insight into the molecular processes underlying the observed tolerance to Phytophthora. The analysis revealed the impact of Phytophthora on poplar primary and secondary metabolism, including carbohydrate-active enzymes, amino acid biosynthesis, phenolic metabolism, and lipid metabolism, all of which were confirmed by consecutive metabolome and lipidome profiling. Modulations of enzymes indicating systemic response were confirmed by the analysis of leaf proteome, and sampling of wood microcores in distal locations revealed proteins with abundance correlating with proximity to the infection, including germin-like proteins, components of proteosynthesis, glutamate carboxypeptidase, and an enzyme that likely promotes anthocyanin stability. Finally, the identified Phytophthora-responsive proteins were compared to those previously found in trees with compromised defense against Phytophthora, namely, Quercus spp. and Castanea sativa. That provided a subset of candidate markers of Phytophthora tolerance, including certain ribosomal proteins, auxin metabolism enzymes, dioxygenases, polyphenol oxidases, trehalose-phosphate synthase, mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase, and rhamnose biosynthetic enzymes. In summary, this analysis provided the first insight into the molecular mechanisms of hybrid poplar defense against Phytophthora and identified prospective targets for improving Phytophthora tolerance in trees.

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“…There are differences between the seedlings propagated using different methods. For example, hybrid poplar seedlings propagated from tissue culture were superior to rooted cuttings for leaf area, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf dry mass [6]. Propagation methods also affect the anti-stress capability of trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Donor Ages on the Growth of Cutting Seedlings Propagated from Ancient Platycladus orientalis

Dong

Guo

Xiao

et al. 2023

Plants

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The effects of tree age on the growth of cutting seedlings propagated from ancient trees have been an important issue in plant breeding and cultivation. In order to understand seedling growth and stress resistance stability, phenotypic measurements, physiological assays, and high-throughput transcriptome sequencing were performed on sown seedlings propagated from 5-year-old donors and cutting seedlings propagated from 5-, 300-, and 700-year-old Platycladus orientalis donors. In this study, the growth of cutting seedlings propagated from ancient trees was significantly slower; the soluble sugar and chlorophyll contents gradually decreased with the increase in the age of donors, and the flavonoid and total phenolic contents of sown seedlings were higher than those of cutting seedlings. Enrichment analysis of differential genes showed that plant hormone signal transduction, the plant–pathogen interaction, and the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathways were significantly up-regulated with the increasing age of cutting seedlings propagated from 300- and 700-year-old donors. A total of 104,764 differentially expressed genes were calculated using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and 8 gene modules were obtained. Further, 10 hub genes in the blue module were identified, which revealed that the expression levels of JAZ, FLS, RPM1/RPS3, CML, and RPS2 increased with the increase in tree age. The results demonstrated that the age of the donors seriously affected the growth of P. orientalis cutting seedlings and that cutting propagation can preserve the resistance of ancient trees. The results of this study provide important insights into the effects of age on asexually propagated seedlings, reveal potential molecular mechanisms, and contribute to an improvement in the level of breeding and conservation of ancient germplasm resources of P. orientalis trees.

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Physiological, vascular and nanomechanical assessment of hybrid poplar leaf traits in micropropagated plants and plants propagated from root cuttings: A contribution to breeding programs

Cited by 9 publications

References 55 publications

Variation and Genetic Parameters of Leaf Morphological Traits of Eight Families from Populus simonii × P. nigra

Variation and Genetic Parameters of Leaf Morphological Traits of Eight Families from Populus simonii × P. nigra

Defense mechanisms promoting tolerance to aggressive Phytophthora species in hybrid poplar

Effects of Different Donor Ages on the Growth of Cutting Seedlings Propagated from Ancient Platycladus orientalis

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