Physiologically clotted fibrin‐calcined bone composite—A possible bone graft substitute

Abstract

Fibrin plays a major role in blood clotting and is important in wound healing. In the present study, physiologically clotted fibrin (PF) and calcined bone (CB) both of bovine origin were used in the preparation of a bone graft material with chitosan (C) as a binder. This bone graft (PF-CB) was characterized by stress-strain analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy. Thermal studies revealed that the incorporation of CB into PF did not alter the thermal stability of fibrin, although it affects the total loss percentage. The composition containing 24:1:15 (PF:C:CB) on dry weight basis exhibited maximum compressive strength, and the same composite was used for characterization studies. The XRD studies have shown the amorphous nature of the implant. SEM pictures revealed the heterogeneity and porous nature of the implant. PF in combination with CB is expected to exhibit osteoinductivity because fibrin, the osteoinductive protein, acts as an angiogenic factor, whereas CB provides calcium and phosphate ions that are needed for new bone formation.

Preparation and characterization of a novel bone graft composite containing bone ash and egg shell powder

“…The absorption bands at 1422-1460 and 876 cm −1 are due to the vibration mode of carbonate groups. IR spectrum of BA is similar to that of HA which was also confirmed in our earlier studies (Noorjahan and Sastry 2005).…”

“…Previous studies (Balliga et al 1998;Park et al 2007) have shown that the hen egg shell powder is a safe bone substitute which is easily available. FTIR spectrum and XRD of BA exhibited absorption peaks comparable to those of hydroxyapatite (Noorjahan and Sastry 2005). In earlier studies, calcined bone gave clinically good results when the same was used in rabbit mandible defects (Wafaa et al 1994).…”

“…In our earlier studies, we have prepared calcined bone-based bone graft, and characterized and evaluated the same for its bone inducing capacity. We found that calcined bone exhibited similar crystallographic characteristics of hydroxyapatite (Noorjahan and Sastry 2005). In this study, we have used egg shell powder along with bone ash powder to prepare the implant and studied some of the physicochemical characteristics of the implant.…”

In vitro study on biomineralization of biphasic calcium phosphate biocomposite crosslinked with hydrolysable tannins of Terminalia chebula

“…The bones were cut into 2×2 inch pieces using a prebeaker. Later the bone pieces were incinerated at 300 • C and ashed at 750 • C for about 5 h. This treatment makes organic matter present in the bone to get volatilized and result in the formation of bone ash, which is nothing but the inorganic part of the bone and it resembles hydroxyapatite (HA) (Noorjahan and Sastry 2005). (iii) Preparation of BCP: Biphasic calcium phosphate was prepared by physically mixing hydroxyapatite and βTCP in the ratio of 60:40 and it is denoted as BCP.…”

“…Nonantigenicity and completely absorbable property of gelatin helps in preparation of wound dressing, artificial skin, and scaffold for tissue engineering and in bone grafts (Choi et al 2001;Sang et al 2003). Bone grafts were prepared by several authors using chitosan and gelatin as binders along with hydroxyapatite and β tricalcium phosphate (Saraswathy et al 2001;Noorjahan and Sastry 2005).…”