Physiology & Molecular Biology of Grapevine Stilbenes: An Update

Increasing sucrose concentrations promote phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in grapevine cell cultures

“…catechins and anthocyanins) and stilbenes, are one of the most widespread groups of plant metabolites that have health benefits, due to their antioxidant properties. Flavonoids and stilbenes occur both as glycosides and aglycones (Winkel-Shirley, 2001;Jeandet et al, 2002;Bavaresco et al, 2009) and, after ingestion through daily diet, are absorbed by the small intestine mucosa, increasing the antioxidant capacity of blood and potentially aiding in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases (Das et al, 1999;Iriti and Faoro, 2004; Abbreviations: ADT, average duplication time; CAT, catechin; CHI, chalconeflavanone isomerase; CHS, chalcone synthase; cv, cultivar; EC, epicatechin; ECG, epicatechin-3-gallate; EGC, epigallocatechin; EGCG, epigallocatechin-gallate; PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; PIC, piceid; RESV, resveratrol; RDE, resveratroloside; STS, stilbene synthase.…”

Experimental and Computational Evidence for Gold Vinylidenes: Generation from Terminal Alkynes via a Bifurcation Pathway and Facile C–H Insertions

“…To our surprise, the oxidant 5 was not consumed at all and the major product (92% NMR yield) was a hydrocarbon whose structure was assigned as 1,2-dihydrocyclopenta[ a ]indene 2a (Table 1, entry 1). 9 Notably, this reaction involved an apparent C(sp 3 )-H insertion that leads to a tricyclic structural motif found in natural products such as pallidol 10 and sporolides 11 and patented compounds of medical interest. 12 A minor product, also involving C-H insertion, was assigned as the 6-membered structural isomer 3a .…”

Combined elicitation of methyl-jasmonate and red light on stilbene and anthocyanin biosynthesis

“…While flavonoids are in general constitutively present, resveratrol is present only in specific plants and at a basal level, but its synthesis can be induced by biotic and abiotic elicitors (Vezzulli et al, 2007a,b;Bavaresco et al, 2009). In particular, jasmonic acid (JA) and the more active methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) are fatty acidderived plant stress hormones that occur ubiquitously in the plant kingdom and act as regulators of defense responses (Howe, 2010).…”

“…catechins and anthocyanins) and stilbenes, are one of the most widespread groups of plant metabolites. Flavonoids and stilbenes occur both as glycosides and aglycones (Winkel-Shirley, 2001;Jeandet et al, 2002;Bavaresco et al, 2009). After ingestion through daily diet, they are absorbed (Crozier et al, 2009) and increase the antioxidant capacity of blood, aiding in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases (Delmas et al, 2006;Baur et al, 2006;Espín et al, 2007).…”

“…Grapevine is one of the most important sources of polyphenols for humans, mainly through the consumption of grapes and red wines. The stilbene family contains several compounds very important for plant defense mechanisms (Jeandet et al, 2002;Bavaresco et al, 2009). Resveratrol is the most well-known bioactive stilbene (Baur et al, 2006;Espín et al, 2007).…”