Physiology and pathophysiology of the human spermatozoon: The role of electron microscopy

Zamboni, Luciano

doi:10.1002/jemt.1060170405

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…High numbers indicate an intact surface or slight damage (4 and 3 points) and low numbers indicate severe damage (2 points) or an absent acrosome (1 point). While in a fully differentiated human spermatozoon, the acrosome covers the anterior four-fifths of the nucleus (Zamboni, 1991), an incomplete or absent acrosome was found in 60% of untreated sperms. Acrosomai abnormalities can be either acquired or congenital (Zamboni, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Sperm washing resulted in improved sperm quality with the amount of acrosomal abnormalities remaining unchanged. Being involved in both capacitation and the ability of the sperm to penetrate the egg, the acrosome plays a key role in the reproductive process (Zamboni, 1991). The number of characteristics examined in our own SEM study allowed statistical evaluation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much work has been done in recent years on the evaluation of the fine structure of human sperms (Koehler, 1972;Lung and Bahr, 1972;Gould et al, 1975). Ultrastructurally, the human sperm can be subdivided into sperm head with acrosome, sperm neck, and sperm tail with characteristic morphologic attributes in each section (Gould et al, 1975;Zamboni, 1991). In the present study ultrastructural changes of human sperms after routine preparation for in-vitro fertilization were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scanning electron microscopy of human sperms after preparation of semen for in-vitro fertilization

Grab

Thierauf

Rosenbusch

et al. 1993

Arch Gynecol Obstet

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Ultrastructural changes of human sperms after routine preparation for in-vitro fertilization were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Studies were performed with freshly ejaculated semen of 21 normozoospermic patients. Spermatozoa were analysed at 10000-fold (sperm head with acrosome, postacrosomal border and postnuclear cap) and 2500-fold (midpiece and endpiece of sperm tail) magnification. Compared with untreated specimens, slight membrane damage was found after routine washing and centrifugation procedures in swim-up preparations. However, on the basis of a score system for quantification of morphologic data, no statistically significant differences existed between untreated semen and swim-up preparations. We conclude that, with normozoospermic semen, the rate of ultrastructural damage attributable to sperm-washing procedures is too low to be of clinical consequence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Scanning electron microscopy of human sperms after preparation of semen for in-vitro fertilization

Grab

Thierauf

Rosenbusch

et al. 1993

Arch Gynecol Obstet

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“…An in-depth evaluation of semen quality by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can improve the diagnosis of male sub fertility and can give substantial information about the fertilizing competence of male gamete [Kupker et al 1998, Jian-Jun andYue-Min 2004;Takeuchi et al 2004]. It has been reported that normal spermatozoa ultrastructure correlated with positive IVF results [Mashiach et al 1992;Zamboni 1991;Baccetti et al 1995;Carbone et al 1998;Bartoov et al 1999]. TEM evaluation of sperm can also identify potentially inheritable genetic disorders (e.g., primary ciliary dyskinesia, Kartagener's syndrome), providing valuable information for couples contemplating ICSI [Carbone et al 1998;Lamb 1999].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Spermatozoa Ultrastructure Assessment in the Infertility Treatment by Assisted Reproduction Technique

Kotwicka

Depa-Martynów

Butowska

et al. 2007

Archives of Andrology

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The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the spermatozoa ultrastructure in relation to the results of in vitro fertilization -embryo transer (IVF-ET).Forty-nine consecutive couples admitted for IVF-ET were prospectively evaluated for electron microscopic spermatozoa morphology and the outcome of IVF-ET. Thirty-four couples revealed successful fertilization, defined as presence of two pronuclei 14-16 hours after spermatozoa administration, while the remaining 15 formed the failure group. Spermatozoa fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyd and embedded in Spurr's resin were analyzed with JAM 100 S transmission electron microscope (TEM) for the following ultrastructure abnormalities: head deformity, cytoplasmic residues, chromatin condensation failures, acrosomal alterations, neck defects, midpiece defects, principal piece and end-piece defects and immature forms.Successful IVF-ET couples revealed a significantly higher percentage of normal spermatozoa utrastructure (32.0 AE 13.1% versus 17.1 AE 13.4%, p < 0.001). Failed IVF-ET couples represented a significantly higher percentage of chromatin condensation failures (9.8 AE 5.1% versus 5.7 AE 5.3%, p < 0.05) and tail defects (16.7 AE 11.5% versus 7.2 AE 7.2%, p < 0.001). A positive correlation between normal ultrastructure spermatozoa percentage and fertilized oocytes percentage was found (r ¼ 0.35, p < 0.05).Our data suggest that spermatozoa TEM findings correlate with IVF-ET results. Ultrastructural estimation of spermatozoa can improve the diagnosis of male fertility and may explain some reasons of failure in assisted reproduction methods. We consider systematic TEM spermatozoa examination in cases with failed IVF-ET prior to intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). KEYWORDS in vitro fertilization, spermatozoa, ultrastructureAbbreviations: IVF-ET: in vitro fertilization -embryo transfer; TEM: transmission electron microscope; ICSI intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

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“…Furthermore, not all conditions characterized by ineffective motility are caused by spermatogenesis defects. On the contrary, impairment of motility may be induced by several factors: environment (immunological factor, hyperviscosity, alteration of secretory gland function, reproductive male tract infections), disturbance of flagellar motility regulation (Turner, 2003) and acquired or primary flagellar anomaly (Zamboni, 1991;Chemes et al, 1998).…”

Section: Asthenozoospermia As the Sole Sperm Alteration Or Associatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome abnormalities in sperm from infertile men with normal somatic karyotypes: asthenozoospermia

Rives

2005

Cytogenet Genome Res

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The aim of aneuploidy evaluation in spermatozoa from patients presenting spermatogenesis defects is to identify a relationship between meiotic errors and quantitative or qualitative alterations of spermatogenesis. During the past ten years, the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has permitted the determination of the frequency of numerical chromosome aberrations in different clinical situations. It has been established that infertile males with reduced sperm count and a normal constitutional karyotype have a significantly high risk of aneuploidy in their spermatozoa particularly regarding sex chromosomes. Concerning sperm motility, the data are more controversial. However, patients of severe asthenozoospermia induced by specific morphological deformities involving sperm flagella have a significantly high risk of producing aneuploid spermatozoa.

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Physiology and pathophysiology of the human spermatozoon: The role of electron microscopy

Cited by 38 publications

References 92 publications

Scanning electron microscopy of human sperms after preparation of semen for in-vitro fertilization

Scanning electron microscopy of human sperms after preparation of semen for in-vitro fertilization

Human Spermatozoa Ultrastructure Assessment in the Infertility Treatment by Assisted Reproduction Technique

Chromosome abnormalities in sperm from infertile men with normal somatic karyotypes: asthenozoospermia

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