2016
DOI: 10.15406/mojap.2016.02.00063
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Physiology of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (Gnrh): Beyond the Control of Reproductive Functions

Abstract: Abbreviations: cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; DAG, diacylglycerol; IP3, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate; HPG, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal; APP, amyloid precursor protein; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; EGR1, early growth response 1; PP, phosphotyrosine phosphatase; NF-Kb, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated b cells; DHCR24, 3-betahydroxysterol delta-24-reductase; St AR, steroidogenic acute regu… Show more

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Cited by 10 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…Evaluation of the neurotransmitter levels was performed from hypothalamus, pituitary as well as from hippocampus and frontal cortex. The reasons for selecting these areas of brain mainly include i) presence of GnRHR in the described tissues, which contributes to regulation of reproduction and reproductive behaviour [ 8 , 9 ]; ii) active steroidogenesis occurring in these regions [ 10 , 11 ] and iii) them being important sites of neurotransmitter synthesis [ 12 ]. The rates of neurotransmitter synthesis and clearance were monitored by estimating the activities of neurotransmitter metabolizing enzymes.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Evaluation of the neurotransmitter levels was performed from hypothalamus, pituitary as well as from hippocampus and frontal cortex. The reasons for selecting these areas of brain mainly include i) presence of GnRHR in the described tissues, which contributes to regulation of reproduction and reproductive behaviour [ 8 , 9 ]; ii) active steroidogenesis occurring in these regions [ 10 , 11 ] and iii) them being important sites of neurotransmitter synthesis [ 12 ]. The rates of neurotransmitter synthesis and clearance were monitored by estimating the activities of neurotransmitter metabolizing enzymes.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Under the influence of neuropeptides (i.e. kisspeptin, noradrenaline and leptin with stimulatory effects, and prolactin, dopamine, serotonin, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and interleukin 1 being inhibitory), the arcuate nucleus and preoptic area in the hypothalamus secrete GnRH in a pulsatile manner that in turn stimulates the gonadotrophs in the anterior pituitary gland to release the gonadotrophins; FSH and LH [11] .…”
Section: Physiology Of Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (Hpg) Axismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The GnRH-R plays a crucial role in several diseases and it is located within and outside the brain [ 1 , 2 , 14 , 15 ]. Beside the CNS, the GnRH-R is also expressed in the Hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG axis) (e.g.…”
Section: Main Textmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Disturbance of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) signaling is implied in a variety of human diseases spanning from reproductive diseases, hormone dependent oncological diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) play a central role in this context and have consequently attracted considerable interest as therapeutic targets [ 1 , 2 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%