Physiology of repeated mixed gas 100-m wreck dives using a closed-circuit rebreather: a field bubble study

Balestra, Costantino; Guerrero, François; Theunissen, Sigrid; Germonpré, Peter; Lafère, Pierre

doi:10.1007/s00421-021-04856-5

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Large deviations from normoxia generally lead to increased oxidative stress, while the slight modulation of oxygen levels can enhance the antioxidant defenses [ 1 , 49 ]. We therefore investigated extremes, from 0.1 ATA (Summit of Kilimanjaro (5791 m)) to 2.5 ATA (therapeutic hyperbaric oxygen sessions), and several intermediate oxygen levels relevant to high-altitude exposure (2400 to 2700 m) or O 2 levels used during closed circuit rebreather (CCR) diving—either in recreational, technical, or military diving (0.15, 0.30, 1.0, and 1.4 ATA) [ 12 , 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varying Oxygen Partial Pressure Elicits Blood-Borne Microparticles Expressing Different Cell-Specific Proteins—Toward a Targeted Use of Oxygen?

Balestra

Arya

Leveque

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Oxygen is a powerful trigger for cellular reactions, but there are few comparative investigations assessing the effects over a large range of partial pressures. We investigated a metabolic response to single exposures to either normobaric (10%, 15%, 30%, 100%) or hyperbaric (1.4 ATA, 2.5 ATA) oxygen. Forty-eight healthy subjects (32 males/16 females; age: 43.7 ± 13.4 years, height: 172.7 ± 10.07 cm; weight 68.4 ± 15.7 kg) were randomly assigned, and blood samples were taken before and 2 h after each exposure. Microparticles (MPs) expressing proteins specific to different cells were analyzed, including platelets (CD41), neutrophils (CD66b), endothelial cells (CD146), and microglia (TMEM). Phalloidin binding and thrombospondin-1 (TSP), which are related to neutrophil and platelet activation, respectively, were also analyzed. The responses were found to be different and sometimes opposite. Significant elevations were identified for MPs expressing CD41, CD66b, TMEM, and phalloidin binding in all conditions but for 1.4 ATA, which elicited significant decreases. Few changes were found for CD146 and TSP. Regarding OPB, further investigation is needed to fully understand the future applications of such findings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varying Oxygen Partial Pressure Elicits Blood-Borne Microparticles Expressing Different Cell-Specific Proteins—Toward a Targeted Use of Oxygen?

Balestra

Arya

Leveque

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…A previous study used the O’Dive TM in conjunction with echocardiography ( Balestra et al, 2022 ) and found that high-grade VGE were observed after deep closed-circuit rebreather diving. The authors also performed a Spearman rank order correlation between the VGE assessed with the O’Dive TM and EB grades from echocardiography, and found r = 0.81 (with n = 7 divers compared).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A notable difference comes from the different type of diving performed. The study from Balestra et al (2022) focused on a small number of highly technical dives using rebreathers on trimix, with an average depth of 97.3 m, compared to mostly open circuit no-decompression dives in our study. The authors noted that these dives resulted in a high incidence of high VGE grades, in contrast to our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Newer Hand-Held Ultrasound Devices for Post-Dive Venous gas Emboli Quantification to Standard Echocardiography

Karimpour

Brenner²,

Dong³

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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Decompression sickness (DCS) can result from the growth of bubbles in tissues and blood during or after a reduction in ambient pressure, for example in scuba divers, compressed air workers or astronauts. In scuba diving research, post-dive bubbles are detectable in the venous circulation using ultrasound. These venous gas emboli (VGE) are a marker of decompression stress, and larger amounts of VGE are associated with an increased probability of DCS. VGE are often observed for hours post-dive and differences in their evolution over time have been reported between individuals, but also for the same individual, undergoing a same controlled exposure. Thus, there is a need for small, portable devices with long battery lives to obtain more ultrasonic data in the field to better assess this inter- and intra-subject variability. We compared two new handheld ultrasound devices against a standard device that is currently used to monitor post-dive VGE in the field. We conclude that neither device is currently an adequate replacement for research studies where precise VGE grading is necessary.

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“…All divers had unrestricted access to drinking water. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a safe and fast method to evaluate the body composition or hydration status [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. These changes were estimated by a multifrequency tetrapolar impedancemetry Biody XPert ZM (Aminogram, La Ciotat, France) in order to evaluate the total body hydration status and its related changes after diving.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Effects of One Week of Repeated Recreational Closed-Circuit Rebreather Dives in Cold Water

et al. 2022

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Background and Objectives: The use of closed-circuit rebreathers (CCRs) in recreational diving is gaining interest. However, data regarding its physiological effects are still scarce. Immersion, cold water, hyperoxia, exercise or the equipment itself could challenge the cardiopulmonary system. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of CCR diving on lung function and autonomous cardiac activity after a series of CCR dives in cold water. Materials and Methods: Eight CCR divers performed a diving trip (one week) in the Baltic Sea. Spirometry parameters, SpO2, and the lung ultrasonography score (LUS) associated with hydration monitoring by bioelectrical impedance were assessed at the end of the week. Heart rate variability (HRV) was recorded during the dives. Results: No diver declared pulmonary symptoms. The LUS increased after dives combined with a slight non-pathological decrease in SpO2. Spirometry was not altered, and all body water compartments were increased. Global HRV decreased during diving with a predominant increase in sympathetic tone while the parasympathetic tone decreased. All parameters returned to baseline 24 h after the last dive. Conclusions: The lung aeration disorders observed seem to be transient and not associated with functional spirometry alteration. The HRV dynamics highlighted physiological constraints during the dive as well as environmental-stress-related stimulation that may influence pulmonary changes. The impact of these impairments is unknown but should be taken into account, especially when considering long and repetitive CCR dives.

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Physiology of repeated mixed gas 100-m wreck dives using a closed-circuit rebreather: a field bubble study

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Varying Oxygen Partial Pressure Elicits Blood-Borne Microparticles Expressing Different Cell-Specific Proteins—Toward a Targeted Use of Oxygen?

Varying Oxygen Partial Pressure Elicits Blood-Borne Microparticles Expressing Different Cell-Specific Proteins—Toward a Targeted Use of Oxygen?

Comparison of Newer Hand-Held Ultrasound Devices for Post-Dive Venous gas Emboli Quantification to Standard Echocardiography

Pulmonary Effects of One Week of Repeated Recreational Closed-Circuit Rebreather Dives in Cold Water

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