Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activity of Acacia Ehrenbergiana Hayne (Salam) as a Grazing Herb Against some Animal Pathogens

Abstract

| Since the beginning of human civilization many herbs have so far been used for the treatment and management of various ailments. Spreading of bacterial resistance against antibiotics is consider one of the common problems in the medical world, so one of the most important steps in microbiological researches is to find a new antimicrobial compound with minimal side effects. One of wild herbs was Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne commonly known as Salam, which was used as animal grazing herb especially camels, sheep and goat. Due to that it seems that this plant may contain considerable antimicrobial capacity. So the aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne aqueous extracts on some medically important animal pathogens and to determine some phytochemical compounds. Hot and cold aqueous extract of Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against some medically important pathogens isolated from animals and poultry farms (Staphylococcus epidermis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogens, Pseudomonas aerogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Enterococcus, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans) by agar well diffusion method. Both hot and cold aqueous extract showed high antibacterial effect against the all examined pathogenic bacteria samples. While the extracts did not show any significant antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Also, phytochemical compoud of aqueous extract was determined, results of the chemical tests explain the extracts of Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne contain alkaloids, flavnoids, tannins and saponin compounds. So it could be concluded that the Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne extract possess remarkable antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria and to be introduced as an alternative to chemical antimicrobial drugs, is required wider investigation.

Nutritional Value, Mineral Composition, Secondary Metabolites, and Antioxidant Activity of Some Wild Geophyte Sedges and Grasses

“…Moreover, C. conglomeratus is characterized by various biological activities such as anthelmintic, antidiarrheal, antidiabetic [41,42], antioxidant, antimicrobial [34,43], and cytotoxic activity [9]. On the other hand, P. turgidum has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antihepatotoxic, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities [44][45][46][47][48]. These biological activities were mainly due to steroidal saponins, which are characterized components of this genus [46].…”

“…The plants were identified by Dr. Yasser El-Amier (author), and voucher specimens were deposited in the herbarium of the Faculty of Science at Mansoura University, Egypt. On the other hand, P. turgidum has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antihepatotoxic, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities [44][45][46][47][48]. These biological activities were mainly due to steroidal saponins, which are characterized components of this genus [46].…”

Phytochemical, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity screening of ethanol extract of <i>Acacia ehrenbergiana</i> Hayne grown in Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia

“…Different acacia species have been used in folklore medicine and have high therapeutic values. Previously, ethanol extract of matured leaves showed significant anti-inflammatory activity [4], whereas, the polar and non-polar extracts of different parts of the tree (seeds, fruits, stem bark, leaves) showed effective antibacterial activity with no activity against most of the fungal species [5,6]. A 3 % Stem bark ointment of the tree possessed complete wound healing and antibacterial activity as compared to tetracycline after 11 days of treatment in rats [7].…”

“…Salam from north and east Africa showed presence of Gallic acid, rutin, myricetin, methyl gallate, rutinoside, quercetin, and catechin [8]. Another species isolated from Aswan, Egypt showed presence of new acylated flavonol diglycoside, rutinoside (1), gallic acid (2), methyl gallate (3), quercetin-glucopyranoside (4), myricetin-D-glucopyranoside (5), rutin (6), myricetin-D-glucoside 7, quercetin-D-glucoside (8), myricetin (9), quercetin (10), catechin (11) in the aerial parts. Compounds 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 illustrated good antibacterial and antifungal activity [8][9][10][11].…”

“…Flavanoids, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins and saponins were also reported to be present in the plant collected from Saudi Arabia [6]. Till date, no data is available on the phytochemical constituents of Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne locally grown in southern Saudi Arabia.…”