Phytochemical and biological analyses of Citharexylum spinosum

Abstract

The phytochemical screening of Citharexylum spinosum L. aerial parts resulted in the presence of flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates and/or glycosides, triterpenes and/or sterols and saponins. The percentage of hydrocarbons and sterols in C. spinosum petroleum ether extract were 99.57 and 0.3%, respectively. In petroleum ether extract, saturated fatty acids (78.76%) and unsaturated fatty acids (9.14%) were found. Chromatographic fractionation of 80% aqueous, methanol and chloroform extracts of C. spinosum resulted in isolation of 10 compounds; β-Sitosterol, β-Sitosterol 3-O-β-Dglucopyranoside, Oleanolic acid, Gallic acid, Quercetin, 6-Methoxy acacetin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, Naringenin, Quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (Quercetrin), 1, 2, 6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside and Rutin. The antipyretic activity of aqueous methanolic residue using Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in rats was significant at dose 300 mg/kg. All tested samples had no analgesic activity. The major isolated compounds were quercetin and quercetrin, their biological activities, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, were determined parallel to the extracts. It was found that the aqueous methanolic residue, chloroform extract, quercetin and quercetrin exerted significant antimicrobial activity. From 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell proliferation assay on A2780 human ovarian cell line, quercetrin showed moderate cytotoxic activity, whereas quercetin showed significant cytotoxic activity.

Optimization of Culture Media for Halocnemum strobilaceum Associated Endophytes Bioactivity

“…The antimicrobial activity was carried out using the agar well diffusion method with 10 mm well diameter enclosing 100 µL of each tested sample dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); Samples were oily resin with no solvent residue and were dissolved directly in DMSO, with a concentration of 30 mg/mL for sample extracts. Samples activities were tested against; Gram-positive bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis (ATCC-6633), and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-6538); Gram-negative bacterial strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC-9027), and Escherichia coli (ATCC-8739); and fungal strains, Candida albicans (ATCC-90028), and Aspergillus niger (ATTC-7966) [22,23]. The results were reported in terms of inhibition zones around the well in the agar well diffusion method.…”

Hypolipidemic effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L

“…Rosemary extract, especially its leaves have been one of the most popular herbal products consumed as a flavoring and antioxidant agent in food conservation and cosmetics industries (Cui et al, 2012). Rosemary has been frequently used as a medicinal plant in traditional and modern medicine to treat diabetes and its complications as well as hypertension in many countries (Amel, 2013). Rosemary shows several clinical functions such as pain-reducing, antispasmodic (in renal colic and dysmenorrhea), anti-rheumatic, carminative, cholagogue, diuretic, anticonvulsant, and hair growth stimulant (hair tonics, hair lotion) effects (al-Sereiti et al, 1999).…”