Phytochemical and biological study of callus cultures of Tulbaghia violacea Harv. Cultivated in Egypt

Abstract

As in vitro plant cultures are used extensively to produce bioactive metabolites, our goal was to establish calli from Tulbaghia violacea Harv. flowers and assess the tissue phytochemically and biologically. Murashige & Skoog medium(MS) + 22.6 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid +2.2 μM benzylaminopurine induced callus from flowers. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS) analyses of n-hexane extracts of calli(HC) and flowers(HF) revealed 33 and 32 components(92.6 and 98.5%, respectively). Hydrocarbons were predominant in HC (55.0%), whereas a higher percentage of oxygenated compounds was found in HF(74.6%). Trans(E)-anethole(39.1%) and 16-hentriacontanone (30.3%) dominated in HF and HC, respectively. However, sulphur compounds were only detected in HF. Quantitative estimation of thiosulphinates, phenolics, flavonoids and saponins in ethanolic extracts of calli(EC) and flowers(EF) showed much higher contents in EF. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic screening of extracts demonstrated that EF was the most potent, followed by HF and EC; conversely, HC was inactive. Although HC and EC were less biologically active, these calli could be an alternative source of bioactive metabolites.

The Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Tulbaghia, Allium, Crinum and Cyrtanthus: ‘Talented’ Taxa from the Amaryllidaceae

“…This activity was confirmed in another study where the disc diffusion method was used [ 68 ]. In addition to bacteriostatic activity, extracts of T. violacea have shown noteworthy potency against yeasts including Candida albicans ( C. albicans ) and Candida parapsilosis ( C. parapsilosis ) with MIC and MMC values ranging between 20 and 40 µg/mL [ 68 ]. Beyond human pathogens, extracts of T. violacea have activity against microorganisms of agricultural significance, for example against the fungus Aspergillus flavus ( A. flavus) , which is responsible for significant agricultural produce loss at a global scale due to production of aflatoxins [ 69 ].…”

“…These include Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) with MIC values ranging between 20 and 300 µg/mL [67]. This activity was confirmed in another study where the disc diffusion method was used [68]. In addition to bacteriostatic activity, extracts of T. violacea have shown noteworthy potency against yeasts including Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Candida parapsilosis (C. parapsilosis) with MIC and MMC values ranging between 20 and 40 µg/mL [68].…”

“…Additionally, extracts inhibited migration of the cancer cell lines (metastasis), an important physiological process in the progression of this cancer [ 83 ]. In addition to the gynecological cancers, antineoplastic properties of T. violacea were further observed against pancreatic cancer with 63% inhibition of cell proliferation at a concentration of 250 µg/mL [ 68 ]. Against a non-sex-specific cancer, T. violacea showed noticeable activity against oral cancer with an IC 50 of 0.2 and 1 mg/mL for acetone and water-soluble extracts, respectively.…”

Exploring the Volatile Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Edible Flower Hydrosols with Insights into Their Spontaneous Emissions and Essential Oil Chemistry

“…is probably the most studied one so far [ 41 ]. Its EO confirmed the presence of sulfur compounds, mainly represented by 2,3,5-trithiahexane and 2,4,5,7-tetrathiaoctane [ 42 ]. This is aligned partially with the current result, where only the latter compound was identified with a non-negligible percentage in the EO (10.0%, (44)).…”

Evaluation of Acute Toxicity and Antiinflammatory Activity of Callus Extracts of Pulicaria Incisa (Lam.) Dc.

“…Note that, some of endemic plant species in this Saharan area of Algeria early known for its rich flora are currently disappeared by these problems (Nacer bey et al, 2015). To ovoid this current critical situation, tissue culture techniques are being as alternative pathway to obtaining new plant material as callus and cell suspension considered as source for bioactive component production (Eid and Metwally, 2017). To our knowledge, there is no publication thus on the formation of callus with the secondary metabolites contents before and after callus establishment on this Asteraceae.…”