Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Some Species of the Genus Galium L. Galium Verum and Mollugo

Abstract

Galium verum L. and Galium mollugo L. are perennial herbaceous plants, belonging to the Rubiaceae family. Several classes of bioactive compounds, such as iridoid glycosides, phenolic compounds, anthraquinones and triterpenes, as well as small amounts of tannins, saponins, essential oils have been isolated from Galium species so far. Plants belonging to this genus have a long history of use in a traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases and conditions. Th e main application of G. verum is as diuretic, choleretic and as the treatment for gout and epilepsy. On the other hand, G. mollugo has been used to treat hysteria, epilepsy, as vulnerary. Over the past decades, numerous papers have been published referring to the chemical constituents presented in G. verum and G. mollugo extracts. Additionally, chemical composition and pharmacological effects of G. verum have been investigated, however data related to the effects of G. mollugo is limited. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of G. verum and G. mollugo. Finally, we proposed directions for future research in this field, which can improve our understanding of the potential health benefits of Galium species.

The effects of methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Galium verum on HT29 and AGO cell lines

“…According to studies, compounds like flavonoids and phenolic compounds have biological activities, such as cytotoxic effects, in different lines [7,11]. The present study had some limitations regarding assessing the effects of G. verum extract on the tumor suppressor expression of genes, caspases, and drug resistance genes.…”

“…Although many studies have revealed the inhibitory effects of G. verum extract against cancer cells [7,13,24], further studies are still needed to confirm these effects against cancer cells, especially colon cancer. The present study examined the cytotoxic effects of methanol extract of G. verum aerial parts using MTT assay, flow cytometry, and RT-PCR to investigate whether G. verum plant could inhibit the proliferation of colon cancer cells at an appropriate level and also to find cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this inhibition.…”

“…However, research in this area is still challenging for scientists [30,31]. Galium (G.) verum is a well-known medicinal plant used for cancer treatment [7,13,24]. Many studies have shown that G. verum contains chemical compounds with high cytotoxic properties [30,31].…”

Ethnobotanical investigation of herbal food additives of Morocco used as natural dyes

“…Red, pink Anthraquinone Antispasmodic, astringent, diuretic, vulnerary (Bradic et al 2018, Shafaghat et al 2010) (Ashraf, 2018, Jamil et al 2018.…”

Μελέτη Της Χημικής Σύστασης Και Της Βιολογικής Δράσης Εκχυλισμάτων, Σειράς Βοτάνων

“…Είναι βρώσιμο φυτό με τριχωτό βλαστό, στρογγυλούς σπόρους, γραμμοειδή φύλλα και λευκά άνθη. Οι βλαστοί και τα φύλλα του τρώγονται όπως το σπανάκι ή σε σαλάτες και σούπες[43,44]. 6: Φωτογραφία του φυτού γάλλιο.1.1.4.1 Ιστορική αναδρομήΠαραδοσιακά στην χώρα μας το γάλλιο χρησιμοποιείτο για διάφορες παθήσεις του δέρματος, όπως για παράδειγμα σε πληγές και εγκαύματα.…”