Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies on Four Indonesian Epiphytic Medicinal Plants: Drynaria rigidula, Hydnophytum formicarum, Usnea misaminensis, and Calymperes schmidtii

Abstract

Phytochemical studies performed on 4 Indonesian epiphytic medicinal plants, Drynaria rigidula L., Hydnophytum formicarum Jack, Usnea misaminensis (Vain) Motyka, and Calymperes schmidtii Broth., revealed 11 known secondary metabolites (1-11), reported from these species for the first time. The methanol extracts and their fractions were screened against infective agents and cancer cells. The dichloromethane fractions of H. formicarum, U. misaminensis, and C. schmidtii showed activity against lung cancer cells with IC 50 values of 35, 11, and 20 µg/mL, respectively.

In Silico Anti-Inflammatory Activity Evaluation from Usnea misaminensis through Molecular Docking Approach

“…The study of Usnea misaminensis which has the potential as anti-inflammatory was confirmed by Nugraha in his journal which stated that the extract contained usnic acid and salizinic acid [2]. This is supported by reports that usnic acid and salicylic acid have antibacterial activity by Cansaran,et al and Candan,et al [8,9].…”

“…Usnea misaminensis has also been reported to have potential as an anti-acne based on its antioxidant, antibacterial and lipase inhibitory activities by Batubara et al which showed that Usnea misaminensis was able to inhibit the growth of acne [3]. Usnea misaminensis also exerted cytotoxicity against oral KBcancer cells, NCI-H187 lung cancer cells, and MCF-7 breast cancer cells [2].…”

“…One of them is Usnea misaminensis. Usnea misaminensis is a native plant from Indonesia which is included in the epiphytic medicinal plant and is known locally as kayu angin [2,3]. Epiphytic plants are one of the biological resources that have not been widely studied, so their use is still limited [4].…”

“…In this study, to determine the anti-inflammatory potential of Usnea misaminensis, the method that was carried out by Utami [13] was used with ligands from Usnea misaminensis consisting of usnic acid, salizinic acid, and evernic acid [2,14]. The receptor used is COX-2 which is a stimulus enzyme in inflammation so that inhibition of the activity of this enzyme will be the target of inflammation treatment [15,16].…”

Anti-cancer Evaluation of Depsides Isolated from Indonesian Folious Lichens: Physcia millegrana, Parmelia dilatata and Parmelia aurulenta

“…A previous notable study on lichens of Indonesian origin reported the cytotoxicity of the methanol crude extract from Usnea misaminensis against the KB cell, lung cancer cell NCI-H187 and breast cancer cell MCF-7 with IC 50 values of 28, 11, and 30 μg/mL, respectively [ 11 ]. Lecanoric acid, a didepside from Parmelia cetrata was reported to be toxic against Caenorhabditis elegans , causing 80% mortality at a concentration of 100 μg/mL [ 12 ].…”