Phytochemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic root extract of the endemic Onosma, northern Iran.

Abstract

This experimental study was performed for determining the antioxidant and antibacterial bioactivity of Onosma dichroantha’s root extract obtained using ethanol as our solvent. The results showed that phthalic acid, di(2-propylpentyl) ester (54.52%), .beta.-sitosterol (16.65%) and ethanol, 2-(butylamino)- (13.32%) were the major compounds of the ethanolic root extract of O. dichroantha. Total phenols was determined by the Folin-ciocalteu method and the flavonoid content was determined by the colorimetric aluminum chloride method. The maximum phenolic (139.2 ± 0.25 mg gallic acid equivalents/ g of root powder) and flavonoid (17.6 ± 0.12 mg quercetin equivalents/ g of root powder) contents were measured in the ethanol extract. The antioxidant capacity of the root extract was assessed by the scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. It was found that antioxidant activity elevated linearly with an increase in the concentration of the ethanol extract. Furthermore, the inhibition value was rather significant compared to the standard controls. The disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of this extract. Thereby, the ethanolic root extract of O. dichroantha exhibited great bioactivity against 11 bacterial species, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus epidermis and Streptococcus pyogenes. In conclusion, the ethanolic root extract of O. dichroantha has antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

Antiurolithiatic effects of Cassia fistula Lin. fruit extracts on ethylene glycol‐induced nephrolithiasis in rats

“…Therefore, it can be concluded that the formation and growth of CaOx crystal is prevented by the antioxidant properties of these compounds. In addition, compounds such as, thiophene, thiazole, and phthalic acid, di (2-propylpentyl) ester have anti-inflammatory properties (Lemilemu et al, 2021;Mishra et al, 2022;Pahlavan et al, 2022).…”

“…Therefore, it can be concluded that the formation and growth of CaOx crystal is prevented by the antioxidant properties of these compounds. In addition, compounds such as, thiophene, thiazole, and phthalic acid, di (2‐propylpentyl) ester have anti‐inflammatory properties (Lemilemu et al, 2021; Mishra et al, 2022; Pahlavan et al, 2022). High oxalate and CaOx crystals can induce inflammatory response through the activation of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which triggers the release of proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐18.…”

In vitro wound healing potential of cyclohexane extract of Onosma dichroantha Boiss. based on bioassay-guided fractionation

“…Medicinal plants are effective in treating infectious disorders and infections of many types of external wounds [42][43][44] . The antibacterial activity of the ethanolic root extract of O. dichroantha was investigated by Pahlavan et al 45 by utilizing the disk diffusion method. The results showed that the extract had high bioactivity at 100 mg/mL, with zones of inhibition ranging from 6.0 ± 0.00 to 16.3 ± 1.52 mm on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnie, Shigella flexteriae, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus epidermis and Streptococcus pyogenes.…”