Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Calendula officinalis Linn (Asteraceae): A Review

Abstract

Calendula officinalis Linn. (Asteraceae) is used medicinally in Europe, China and India amongst several places in the world. It is also known as "African marigold" and has been a subject of several chemical and pharmacological studies. It is used in traditional medicine, especially for wound healing, jaundice, blood purification, and as an antispasmodic. Chemical studies have underlined the presence of various classes of compounds, the main being triterpenoids, flavonoids, coumarines, quinones, volatile oil, carotenoids and amino acids. The extract of this plant as well as pure compounds isolated from it, have been demonstrated to possess multiple pharmacological activities such as anti-HIV, cytotoxic, antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, spasmolytic and spasmogenic, amongst others. In this review, we have explored the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of C. officinalis in order to collate existing information on this plant as well as highlight its multi-activity properties as a medicinal agent. This is as a result of the worldwide cultivation of the plant and increasing published reports on it.

Biocontrol and Plant Growth Promotion Characterization of Bacillus Species Isolated from Calendula officinalis Rhizosphere

“…The production of the phytohormone (IAA) and siderophores by Bacillus species has been investigated in many studies. The IAA stimulates the plant growth and siderophores chelate iron (Fe) and deprive the phytopathogenic fungi of it [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Here, the Bacillus spp.…”

“…Calendula officinalis is an important medicinal herb used in Europe, China, US and India. C. officinalis has numerous medicinal properties among which it is worth mentioning the anti-inflammatory and antioedematous activities, the antibacterial and antifungal activities, the anticancer and lymphocyte activation dual activities, the anti-HIV activity, the immunostimulant activity, the antioxidant activity, the hepatoprotective activity, the wound healing activity and the antiviral activity [17]. Several phytopathogenic fungi were detected on C. officinalis seeds such Alternaria alternata, Alternaria porri, Botrytis cinerea, Drechslera (Cochliobolus) hawaiiensis, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium culmorum and Sclerotonia sclerotiorum.…”

Produção orgânica de calêndula: um estudo de caso

“…As inflorescências são maceradas e aplicadas no local do ferimento na forma de emplasto. A utilização popular da calêndula se deve pelas suas propriedades colerética, anti-inflamatória, analgésica, antitumoral, bactericida, diurética, cicatrizante, sedativa e imunomoduladora (FRANCO, 1996), sendo que estudos científicos comprovam a propriedade antiinflamatória dessa espécie, corroborando a indicação popular (HEROLD et al, 2003;UKIYA et al, 2006;MULEY et al, 2009).…”

“…Suas flores são utilizadas em forma de chá, compressas ou extratos contra afecções dermatológicas, com ação antipruriginosa, antiinflamatória e cicatrizante, fazendo parte da composição de preparações de medicamentos para tratamento de eritemas solares, queimaduras e dermatoses secas (SIMÕES, 2003;PAGNANO et al, 2008). Outros usos estão relacionados à ação anti-inflamatória e antiulcerogênica no tratamento de inflamações do trato digestivo superior (KÖRBES, 1995;MULEY et al, 2009). …”

Controversial effects of Calendula officinalis L. on Biochemical and Pathological Factors of Nephropathy in Diabetic Wistar Rats

“…According to the obtained results, CO could not stop or reduce tissue complications and damages resulting from STZ in the kidney. Studies showed that the CO plant contains different components such as triterpenoids (saponins), flavonoids, coumarins, quinones, volatile oil, carotenoids and amino acids (38). The adverse effect of this extract on undesirable increase of blood BUN as well as on the kidney tissue in the normal rats receiving this extract could imply the toxicity of this plant.…”