Phytochemical content, extract standardization and antioxidant activity of Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn leaf, a potential phytoestrogen source

Abstract

Calliandra ( Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn.) is a leguminous shrubs that almost spread throughout the area of Bali island, especially the area of Baturiti, Tabanan. The ethanol extract of 80% of C. calothyrsus leaves is a potential source of exogenous estrogen in terms of its phytoestrogen content. Potential extract of potassium which is very useful can be consumed in the form of phytopharmaca preparations. One of the requirements to prepare the formulation of phytopharmaceutical preparations should be done related to phytochemical screening and standardization of raw materials. This study aims to perform phytochemical screening and standardization of 80% ethanolic extract of C. calothyrsus leaves. Phytochemical screening can provide an overview of chemical compounds which are contained in C. calothyrsus leaf extracts to their activity. The standardization of extracts will ensure the quality of raw materials extract to be used. The leaf extraction of 80% ethanol yielded as much as 21.85%. Phytochemical screening showed that 80% positive ethanol extracts contained flavonoid group compounds. The powder standardization obtained 8.35% of water content. While the extracts standardization obtained 5.26% of extract water content. The total ash content of the extract was obtained 4.54% and the acid soluble ash content was 0.5%. The ethanol extract of 80% C. calothyrsus leaf has met the standardization of raw material extract.

Potential of Calliandra calothyrsus Leaf Extract to Maintain Estrogen Concentration and Uterine Thickness in Rats

“…Phenolic compound is the largest antioxidants contributor in C. calothyrsus leaf extract. The IC 50% value of 29.6 mg sample of C. calothyrsus leaf extract was 156 ppm (Setyawati et al, 2019). This antioxidant activity value proved that C. calothyrsus was a potential antioxidant.…”

“…calothyrsus leaf extract contains phytoestrogen, flavonoid, which have an OH group. The composition of flavonoid contained in C. calothyrsus leaf extract was thought to be similar to endogenous estrogen (Setyawati et al, 2019), so that it was able to bind to estrogen receptors (ERs) on target cells that affect the number of glands and the thickness of the endometrial layer.…”

“…Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn. contains flavonoids, quercetin, saponins, caffeic acid, alkaloids, tannins, and phytosterol (Onyeama et al, 2012;Setyawati et al, 2019). C. calothyrsus leaf extract shortened the proestrus and estrus phases, and caused an increased number of corpus luteum in rat's ovary (Mardika et al, 2018).…”

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF Calliandra calothyrsus, Leucaena diversifolia AND Sesbania sesban

“…Calliandra calothyrsus Meisn. is a small leguminous shrub that is predominantly cultivated as fodder for ruminant livestock (Setyawati et al, 2019) but other uses are also found within different farming systems and include the provision of green manure, fuel wood, shade for coffee and tea, land rehabilitation, erosion control, and honey production (Setyawati et al, 2019;Abia et al, 2006). Sesbania sesban (L.) Merrill is a multipurpose tree that is widely distributed in tropics and subtropics of Africa and Asia and usually planted by smallholder farmers mostly for its fodder and soil improvement values (Nigussie and Alemayehu, 2014; Mythili and Ravindhran, 2012).…”

Allelopathic effects of Calliandra calothyrsus Meisn, Senna siamea L. and Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp Leaves on Maize (Zea mays L.) and Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Root and Shoot Growth

“…Over the years, appreciable knowledge has been accumulated and different classes of allelochemicals have been identified in the species Calliandra calothyrsus Meisn, Senna siamea L. and Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.). Phytochemical studies carried out on those three species have shown the presence of tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, phenolic compounds, anthraquinones, leucoanthocyanin, saponins and flavonol glycosides [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. However, the abundance detected for the different allelochemical molecules was variable according to these authors.…”