Phytochemical investigation and pharmacognostic standardization of Cissampelos pareira root

Abstract

Background:In ethno-medicinal practices, the roots of Cissampelos pareira(Patha) are used in the treatment of various ailments related to urinary problems and skin infections, and in tumorinhibitor activity, antibacterial, antimalarial, diuretic activity,anticonvulsant activity etc., The main problem encountered in standardization of Ayurvedic drugs is proper identification of the source plant.Materials and Methods:The macroscopic features of each anatomical component have been observed by a high-resolution camera. The moisture content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, and water—alcohol and ether extractive values of the powdered sampleswere determined by the method as per WHO guidelines. The phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of Cissampelos pareira root was performed by the standard chemical ltests and by TLC on silica gel G using solvent systems proposed by Harborne.Result:The microscopic characteristics showed the wavy epidermis with unicellular trichomes. Lignified xylem vessels, radial medullary rays, and prismatic calcium oxalate crystals had also been found. Phytochemical screening revealed that the Cissampelos pareira root extract contains terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, amino acid proteins, and carbohydrates. Alkaloids and essential oil were detected in TLC of the Cissampelos pareira root extract developed using blends of methanol:concentrated ammonia (200:3) and n-butanol:acetone:water (3:1:1) and benzene:ethyl acetate:formic acid(9:7:4) as solvent systems for alkaloid whereas chloroform(100%), benzene (100%), chloroform:benzene(1:1),and ether:benzene(1:1) as solvent systems for essential oil.Conclusion:These findings will be useful toward establishing pharmacognostic standards on identification, purity,quality, and classification of the plant, which is gaining relevance in plant drug research.

Observations on traditional usage of ethnomedicinal plants in humans and animals of Kangra and Chamba districts of Himachal Pradesh in North-Western Himalaya, India

“…T. Nees & Eberm. * # , Lauraceae Antidiabetic, stimulant, carminative, antimicrobial, anti-ulcer, antioxidative, treat gonorrhea, colic, diarrhea, rheumatism, cough and cold (Chauhan, 1999;Borhade et al, 2013; α-pinene, camphene, myrcene, limonene, eugenol and cymene (Sharma and Nautiyal, 2011) Cirsium wallichii DC., Asteraceae Dysentery (Sharma and Sood, 2013; Flavonoids, sterols, triterpenes, alkaloids, polyacetylenes, acetylenes, sesquiterpene lactones, phenolic acids and lignans (JordonThaden and Louda, 2003) Cissampelos pareira L., Menispermaceae Antitumor, antibacterial, antimalarial, diuretic, anticonvulsant, cure urinary problems, skin infections and colic pain (Samanta et al, 2012;Panda, 2014) Triterpene, flavonoids, glycosides and alkaloids (Samanta et al, 2012) Coronopus didymus L., Brassicaceae Antipyretic, antiallergic, diuretic, hypoglycemic, insect repellent, blood purifier, cure cough, bronchitis, rheumatism, gastric/urinary illnesses, muscular pain, bruises, wounds and traumatism (Prabhakar et al, 2002;Mantena et al, 2005;Rehman et al, 2015) Alkaloids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, coumarins and betacyanins (Uddin et al, 2014) Desmodium microphyllum (Thunb.) D.C., Fabaceae Eye problems, fever, cough, headache, boils, blisters and wounds (Umberto Quattrocchi, 2012) Kaempferitrin (Li, 2009) Dicliptera bupleuroides (Nees), Tonic, blood purifier, cure cold, fever, cough, sore throat, eczema and ear ache (Sharma, No records Acanthaceae 2002;Shah et al, 2013;Ijaz, 2016) Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq., Sapindaceae Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, anti-ulcer, smooth muscle relaxant, cure sore throat, cold, wound, malaria, itching, indigestion, ulcers, diarrhea, expel round worms and act as sex tonic for goats to start heat cycle (Rojas et al, 1992;Getie et al, 2003;Joshi et al, 2003;Veerapur et al, 2004;Thring et al, 2007;Malarvannan et al, 2008;Khattak et al, 2015) Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, steroids and volatile oil …”

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“…Chemical constituents: Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, amino acid proteins and carbohydrates 80 .…”

Eco-Friendly Microencapsulation of Lacticaseibacillus Paracasei Using Cissampelos pareira Leaf Extract as Natural Encapsulating Materials

“…The plant species belonging to the Menispermaceae family is common in many Southeast Asia countries including Thailand where it is locally known as Khruea-ma-noi. The plant has been extensively used in the traditional medicinal system for the treatment of numerous diseases such as ulcers and wounds [8,9]. In addition, the leaves of the plant have been used as raw materials for Thai food and importantly they contain hydrocolloids, which may act as gelling agents as they possess solidifying properties [10].…”