Phytochemical profile and free radical nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity of Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit extract

Abstract

Averrhoa bilimbi L. belongs to family Oxalidaceae. Traditionally, people use this plant (root, bark, leaves and fruits) for treating several illnesses include itches, boils, syphilis, whooping cough, hypertension, fever and inflammation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity and GC-MS analysis of A. bilimbi L. fruit extract. Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruits were collected for the preliminary phytochemical analysis, antioxidant scavenging activity and biologically important compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis. The preliminary phytochemicals, GC-MS, total phenolic content and NO scavenging activity of the plant were analysed. In the present investigation, the A. bilimbi L. fruit extract has major phytochemicals. Among the 151 compounds identified in GC-MS, 15 compounds are found to have diverse biological activity. We also observed that the A. bilimbi L. fruit extract has high level of total phenolic compounds at a concentration of 209.25 GAE mg/g. Presence of phenolic compound apparently explains the antioxidant activity of the plant. Antioxidant activity of A. bilimbi L. fruit extract is proven from its high level of NO scavenging activity of potent IC50 value of 108.10. From the above study, it is apparent that the A. bilimbi L. fruit extract is a rich source of phytochemicals (natural products) with biological activity. The GC-MS report on this fruit proves that natural products have pharmacologically and biologically active compounds. A high phenolic content is observed in our study. A. bilimbi L. fruit extract is also found to have NO scavenging activity in our study.

Ethanol leaf extract of Psychotria microphylla rich in quercetin restores heavy metal induced redox imbalance in rats

“…This inhibitory activity is slightly comparable to that of the plant extracts reported by Adebayo et al. (2019) and lower than the value reported by Suluvoy and Berlin Grace (2017) for Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit extract. FRAP assay measures the ability of any compound to convert Fe 3+ to its reduced state Fe 3+ , which is an indicator of total antioxidant capacity of such compound ( Haida and Hakiman, 2019 ).…”

Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Helianthus tuberosus L. Induces Anti-Diabetic, and Wound-Healing Activities in Insulin-Resistant Human Liver Cancer and Mouse Fibroblast Cells

“…The noted antioxidant activity is correlated to the phenolic profile of H. tuberosus . Concentration-dependent antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities have been reported in many phenolic-rich phytocompounds [ 33 ]. Overall, it could be suggested that the phenolic-based phytocompounds present in the active fraction of the H. tuberosus reduced the oxidative-stress-mediated complications in diabetic conditions.…”

Larvicidal Activity and Histopathological Effect of Averrhoa bilimbi Fruit Extract on Aedes aegypti from Surabaya, Indonesia

“…Various damages were found in the midgut, especially in the epithelium cells, microvilli, and basal membrane. These damages were due to larvicidal compounds contained in A. bilimbi fruit extract, which were saponins [8] that explained that Averrhoa bilimbi fruits contained saponins. Saponins have potential as larvicide and work as stomach poison in Ae.…”

“…Extract of A. bilimbi flower could induce changes in the midgut of Anopheles barbirostris larvae, causing damage on peritrophic membrane, epithelium cells, and basal membrane, and saponins enter the larvae body through the digestive tract; thus, it can function as stomach toxin that disrupts nutrition absorption. Other compounds, terpenoids, are antifeedant that averse larvae to feed, consequently inducing mortality [8]. Extract of A. bilimbi leaf and fruit could damage the villi and cause malformation of the epithelium cells in the midgut of Ae.…”