Phytochemical screening and biological activities of Garcinia kola (bark, leaves and seeds) collected in Benin

Abstract

Garcinia kola is a tropical plant which grows in moist forest. It seeds are edible and are consumed for their multiple property. This study aimed at making phytochemical screening and evaluating some biological activities of G. kola organs (bark, leaves and seeds) extracts. The selected organs powdered were used for phytochemical screening and extractions. The antibacterial activity was tested on 10 references strains and 28 meat isolated Staphylococcus strains by agar perforation method. The antifungal activity of three fungal strains was determined on the potato-dextrose agar medium mixed with the tested extract. The antioxidant activity was determined by both DPPH and ABTS methods. The results reveal that 40% of studied secondary metabolites were present in the seeds against 28.57% in the leaves as the bark. The reference and meat isolated strains inhibitory diameter ranged from 28 ± 2.3 mm (S. haemolyticcus) to 7.5 ± 0.70 mm (E. coli). All extracts had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) lower than 20 mg/ml, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was ≥ 20 mg/ml for some tested extracts. The lowest MIC and MBC was 0.039 mg/ml with C. albicans. The fungal strains susceptibility varied (p  0.001) depending on extracts. The seeds ethyl acetate extract displays the better antioxidant activity with DPPH (25.03 ± 3.64 μg/μl) and ABTS (22.99 ± 1.34 µmol EqAA/g) methods. The LD 50 of the extracts was greater than 0.1 mg/ml and not exhibiting toxicity. The leaves extract had the best bactericidal effects while the seeds extract presented better antifungal and antioxidant activity.

Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Cancer Properties of Amygdalin Extracted from Three Cassava Varieties Cultivated in Benin

“…Total phenolics are quantified in leaf extracts of each cassava variety (BEN, RB, and MJ) using the Folin-Ciocalteu method described by [59] and adapted to an in-house method developed by [60]. A quantity of 10 µL of concentrated extract at 100 mg/mL (w/v) was introduced into the wells of 96-well plates with three replicates.…”

“…Total flavonoids in each sample were quantified by the aluminum trichloride method described by [61] and adapted to 96-well plates by [60]. It consists of adding and mixing 100 µL of methanolic AlCl 3 (2%) to 100 µL of the appropriate dilution of the extract solution.…”

The role of Kolaviron, a bioflavonoid from Garcinia kola, in the management of cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review

“…KV and GK are familiar in the scientific research circles as several research and ethnopharmacological investigations have been conducted to report their numerous pharmacological activities or effects. These activities or effects include and may not be limited to their antimalarial [ 31 ], antiplasmodial [ 32 ], antiviral [ 27 ], antifungal and bactericidal [ 33 ], anti-ulcer [ 34 ], analgesic [ 35 ], antioxidant [ [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] ], anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective [ 35 , 40 ], hypoglycaemic [ 25 , 41 ], aromatase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory [ 32 ] effects. Additionally, the hypolipidaemic, anti-atherogenic, lipid improvement, and cardioprotective effects of KV and GK have been documented in the literature [ [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] ].…”