Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Capacity fromNypa fruticansWurmb. Fruit

Abstract

Nypa fruticans Wurmb. is one of the important underutilized fruit of Malaysia, which lacks scientific attention. Total phenolics, flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacities from endosperm extracts of Nypa fruticans (unripe and ripe fruits) were evaluated. Endosperm extract of unripe fruits (EEU) exhibited the highest phenolics (135.6 ± 4.5 mg GAE/g), flavonoid content (68.6 ± 3.1 RE/g), and antioxidant capacity. Free radical scavenging capacity of EEU as assessed by 2-2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals showed inhibitory activity of 78 ± 1.2% and 85 ± 2.6%, respectively. Beta carotene bleaching coefficient of EEU was higher (2550 ± 123), when compared to endosperm extract of ripe fruits (1729 ± 172). Additionally, EEU exhibited high antioxidant capacity by phosphomolybdenum method and ferric reducing antioxidant power values. Eight phenolic compounds from Nypa fruticans endosperm extracts were identified and quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. Chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, and kaempferol were the major phenolic compounds. Thus this fruit could be used as a potential source of natural antioxidant.

Profile of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of different solvent extracts from Rabdosia rubescens

“…However, consumers have grown increasingly concerned about the side effects of synthetic chemicals and want safer materials for preventing and controlling oxidation and pathogenic microorganisms in foods. Plants can be an excellent source of natural antioxidants and antibacterial agents and can be effectively used in the food industry to preserve the quality and improve the shelf life of food products (Tiwari et al ., ; Prasad et al ., ). In addition, as in most of the cases, plants or their extracts are believed to be safe and nontoxic to humans (Burt, ; Kong et al ., ).…”

The Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Food Products of Rhizophora stylosa Fruit (Coffee and Tea Mangrove)

“…Antioxidants possess an ability to scavenge free radicals, which cause many degenerative diseases. Some food resources of mangroves, such as the hypocotyl of Kandelia candel and the edible part of ripe and unripe Nypa fruticans fruit, have antioxidant activity due to the presence of phenolics [5][6][7]. It was reported by Bunyapraphatsara et al [8] that the edible part of Rhizophora mucronata (young pods) exhibited the strong antioxidant activity.…”

Comparison of in vivo toxicity, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of coconut, nipah and pineapple juice vinegars

“…Previous studies have reported that besides its TPC and total flavonoid content, the high vitamin C content in pineapple also contributes to its antioxidant activities . Coconut and nipah also show substantial antioxidant activities in vitro . Nevertheless, based on the results, both the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant studies indicate a higher antioxidant capacity for pineapple juice vinegar, showing that pineapple juice vinegar is a better source of antioxidants compared to those prepared from coconut and nipah, which may be due to the higher levels of phenolic acid derivatives present in pineapple juice vinegar.…”

“…Besides its major components (water and acetic acid), vinegar also contains carbohydrates, vitamins, polyphenols, flavonoids and minerals, which enhances its nutritional value . Coconut, nipah and pineapple fruits are rich in minerals, vitamins, flavonoids and polyphenols . Furthermore, their consumption helps contribute to the prevention of diseases, such as cancer, hyperglycaemia and liver injuries, by stimulating the body's immunity and antioxidant levels .…”

“…For example, coconut juice has been used for centuries in folk medicine . Nipah contains a high concentration of minerals and vitamin A and has been used to treat several diseases, such as asthma, tuberculosis, and diabetic and liver diseases . Furthermore, with a high vitamin C content and antioxidant activity, pineapple has exhibited, among several promising properties, anti‐cancer and antihyperglycaemic effects …”