Phytochemicals as Micronutrients: What Is their Therapeutic Promise in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury?

Al-Haj, Nadine; Issa, Hawraa; Zein, Ola El; Ibeh, Stanley; Reslan, Mohammad Amine; Yehya, Yara; Kobeissy, Firas; Zibara, Kazem; Eid, Ali H.; Shaito, Abdullah

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-6467-0_14

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 190 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Lastly, activated microglia release proinflammatory cytokines like TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, inducing leukocyte infiltration, edema, and neurotoxicity ( Jarrahi et al, 2020 ). Phytochemicals can modulate these secondary injury mechanisms through their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties ( Al-Haj et al, 2022 ). For instance, curcumin inhibits TNF-alpha release from glial cells.…”

Section: Role Of Phytochemicals In Tbimentioning

confidence: 99%

The neuroprotective potential of phytochemicals in traumatic brain injury: mechanistic insights and pharmacological implications

Hasan,

Anwar,

Shamsi

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to brain damage, comprising both immediate primary damage and a subsequent cascade of secondary injury mechanisms. The primary injury results in localized brain damage, while the secondary damage initiates inflammatory responses, followed by the disruption of the blood-brain barrier, infiltration of peripheral blood cells, brain edema, and the release of various immune mediators, including chemotactic factors and interleukins. TBI disrupts molecular signaling, cell structures, and functions. In addition to physical tissue damage, such as axonal injuries, contusions, and haemorrhages, TBI interferes with brain functioning, impacting cognition, decision-making, memory, attention, and speech capabilities. Despite a deep understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI, an intensive effort to evaluate the underlying mechanisms with effective therapeutic interventions is imperative to manage the repercussions of TBI. Studies have commenced to explore the potential of employing natural compounds as therapeutic interventions for TBI. These compounds are characterized by their low toxicity and limited interactions with conventional drugs. Moreover, many natural compounds demonstrate the capacity to target various aspects of the secondary injury process. While our understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI, there is an urgent need for effective therapeutic interventions to mitigate its consequences. Here, we aimed to summarize the mechanism of action and the role of phytochemicals against TBI progression. This review discusses the therapeutic implications of various phytonutrients and addresses primary and secondary consequences of TBI. In addition, we highlighted the roles of emerging phytochemicals as promising candidates for therapeutic intervention of TBI. The review highlights the neuroprotective roles of phytochemicals against TBI and the mechanistic approach. Furthermore, our efforts focused on the underlying mechanisms, providing a better understanding of the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals in TBI therapeutics.

show abstract

Section: Role Of Phytochemicals In Tbimentioning

confidence: 99%

The neuroprotective potential of phytochemicals in traumatic brain injury: mechanistic insights and pharmacological implications

Hasan,

Anwar,

Shamsi

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As of now, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved any drug to treat TBI. The current standard of care for patients with moderate to severe TBI includes ventilation and oxygenation interventions, fluid management, hypothermic stimulation, intracranial pressure (ICP) control, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), blood pressure (BP) management, nutrition and glucose level management, and surgery [44]. Many of the available diagnostic and treatment options are limited by the exceedingly complicated pathology that follows brain injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomaterials in Traumatic Brain Injury: Perspectives and Challenges

Aqel,

Al-Thani,

Haider

et al. 2023

Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and long-term impairment globally. TBI has a dynamic pathology, encompassing a variety of metabolic and molecular events that occur in two phases: primary and secondary. A forceful external blow to the brain initiates the primary phase, followed by a secondary phase that involves the release of calcium ions (Ca2+) and the initiation of a cascade of inflammatory processes, including mitochondrial dysfunction, a rise in oxidative stress, activation of glial cells, and damage to the blood–brain barrier (BBB), resulting in paracellular leakage. Currently, there are no FDA-approved drugs for TBI, but existing approaches rely on delivering micro- and macromolecular treatments, which are constrained by the BBB, poor retention, off-target toxicity, and the complex pathology of TBI. Therefore, there is a demand for innovative and alternative therapeutics with effective delivery tactics for the diagnosis and treatment of TBI. Tissue engineering, which includes the use of biomaterials, is one such alternative approach. Biomaterials, such as hydrogels, including self-assembling peptides and electrospun nanofibers, can be used alone or in combination with neuronal stem cells to induce neurite outgrowth, the differentiation of human neural stem cells, and nerve gap bridging in TBI. This review examines the inclusion of biomaterials as potential treatments for TBI, including their types, synthesis, and mechanisms of action. This review also discusses the challenges faced by the use of biomaterials in TBI, including the development of biodegradable, biocompatible, and mechanically flexible biomaterials and, if combined with stem cells, the survival rate of the transplanted stem cells. A better understanding of the mechanisms and drawbacks of these novel therapeutic approaches will help to guide the design of future TBI therapies.

show abstract