Phytochemicals as Modulators of Long Non-Coding RNAs and Inhibitors of Cancer-Related Carbonic Anhydrases

Saghafi, Tayebeh; Taheri, Ramezan Ali; Parkkila, Seppo; Emameh, Reza Zolfaghari

doi:10.3390/ijms20122939

Cited by 47 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 222 publications

(256 reference statements)

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“…The molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in PCa progression and their potential role as biomarkers or therapeutic targets need to be explored more deeply [112,113]. Nevertheless, flavonoids have been found as lncRNA modulators in different cancer cell types [114].…”

Section: Long Noncoding Rna (Lncrna)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoids as Epigenetic Modulators for Prostate Cancer Prevention

2020

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Prostate cancer (PCa) is a multifactorial disease with an unclear etiology. Due to its high prevalence, long latency, and slow progression, PCa is an ideal target for chemoprevention strategies. Many research studies have highlighted the positive effects of natural flavonoids on chronic diseases, including PCa. Different classes of dietary flavonoids exhibit anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-aging, cardioprotective, anti-viral/bacterial and anti-carcinogenic properties. We overviewed the most recent evidence of the antitumoral effects exerted by dietary flavonoids, with a special focus on their epigenetic action in PCa. Epigenetic alterations have been identified as key initiating events in several kinds of cancer. Many dietary flavonoids have been found to reverse DNA aberrations that promote neoplastic transformation, particularly for PCa. The epigenetic targets of the actions of flavonoids include oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, indirectly controlled through the regulation of epigenetic enzymes such as DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), histone acetyltransferase (HAT), and histone deacetylase (HDAC). In addition, flavonoids were found capable of restoring miRNA and lncRNA expression that is altered during diseases. The optimization of the use of flavonoids as natural epigenetic modulators for chemoprevention and as a possible treatment of PCa and other kinds of cancers could represent a promising and valid strategy to inhibit carcinogenesis and fight cancer.

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Section: Long Noncoding Rna (Lncrna)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoids as Epigenetic Modulators for Prostate Cancer Prevention

2020

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“…Not only NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, but lncRNA regulators also prove as an attractive strategy to control NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Herbal derivatives or phytochemicals have been reported to be effective in regulating the activity of several lncRNAs in different types of cancers (186). However, lncRNA regulating phytochemicals directly affecting NLRP3 inflammasome activity has not yet been reported.…”

Section: Potential Drugs Targeting Lncrnas Involved In the Nlrp3 Inflmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are non-nutritive, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory chemical constituents with reduced side effects. They are known to execute their function by altering several signaling pathways and by targeting specific molecular points ( 186 ).…”

Section: Potential Drugs Targeting Lncrnas Involved In the Nlrp3 Inflmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Long Non-coding RNAs: Paramount Regulators of the NLRP3 Inflammasome

Menon

Hua

2020

Front. Immunol.

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The NOD LRR pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a cytosolic multi-proteins conglomerate with intrinsic ATPase activity. Their predominant presence in the immune cells emphasizes its significant role in immune response. The downstream effector proteins IL-1β and IL-18 are responsible for the biological functions of the NLRP3 inflammasome upon encountering the alarmins and microbial ligands. Although the NLRP3 inflammasome is essential for host defense during infections, uncontrolled activation and overproduction of IL-1β and IL-18 increase the risk of developing autoimmune and metabolic disorders. Emerging evidences suggest the action of lncRNAs in regulating the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome in various disease conditions. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is an emerging field of study and evidence on their regulatory role in various diseases is grabbing attention. Recent studies emphasize the functions of lncRNAs in the fine control of the NLRP3 inflammasome at nuclear and cytoplasmic levels by interfering in chromatin architecture, gene transcription and translation. Recently, lncRNAs are also found to control the activity of various regulators of NLRP3 inflammasome. Understanding the precise role of lncRNA in controlling the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome helps us to design targeted therapies for multiple inflammatory diseases. The present review is a novel attempt to consolidate the substantial role of lncRNAs in the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. A deeper insight on the NLRP3 inflammasome regulation by lncRNAs will help in developing targeted and beneficial therapeutics in the future.

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“…Therapeutic targeting of lncRNAs has been poorly investigated thus far. The modulation of lncRNAs can be performed by chemical compounds, gene therapy or through different interventions (Wan et al, 2017;Saghafi et al, 2019). Here, we shed light on another possible strategy for lncRNA modulation through physical exercise training programs to improve health and performance or for the treatment of different conditions, such as type-2 diabetes, metabolic diseases, muscle diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Non-coding RNAs Are Differentially Expressed After Different Exercise Training Programs

Bonilauri

Dallagiovanna

2020

Front. Physiol.

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Background: Molecular regulation related to the health benefits of different exercise modes remains unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as an RNA class with regulatory functions in health and diseases. Here, we analyzed the expression of lncRNAs after different exercise training programs and their possible modes of action related to physical exercise adaptations. Methods: Public high-throughput RNA-seq data (skeletal muscle biopsies) were downloaded, and bioinformatics analysis was performed. We primarily analyzed data reports of 12 weeks of resistance training (RT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and combined (CT) exercise training. In addition, we analyzed data from 8 weeks of endurance training (ET). Differential expression analysis of lncRNAs was performed, and an adjusted P-value < 0.1 and log2 (fold change) ≥0.5 or ≤−0.5 were set as the cutoff values to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs). Results: We identified 204 DELs after 12 weeks of HIIT, 43 DELs after RT, and 15 DELs after CT. Moreover, 52 lncRNAs were differentially expressed after 8 weeks of ET. The lncRNA expression pattern after physical exercise was very specific, with distinct expression profiles for the different training programs, where few lncRNAs were common among the exercise types. LncRNAs may regulate molecular responses to exercise, such as collagen fibril organization, extracellular matrix organization, myoblast and plasma membrane fusion, skeletal muscle contraction, synaptic transmission, PI3K and TORC regulation, autophagy, and angiogenesis. Conclusion: For the first time, we show that lncRNAs are differentially expressed in skeletal muscle after different physical exercise programs, and these lncRNAs may act in various biological processes related to physical activity adaptations.

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Phytochemicals as Modulators of Long Non-Coding RNAs and Inhibitors of Cancer-Related Carbonic Anhydrases

Cited by 47 publications

References 222 publications

Flavonoids as Epigenetic Modulators for Prostate Cancer Prevention

Flavonoids as Epigenetic Modulators for Prostate Cancer Prevention

The Long Non-coding RNAs: Paramount Regulators of the NLRP3 Inflammasome

Long Non-coding RNAs Are Differentially Expressed After Different Exercise Training Programs

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