Phytochemistry and biology of Ilex pharmaceutical resources

Hao, Da‐Cheng; Gu, Xiao-Jie; Xiao, Pei

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100085-4.00013-x

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…An alternative mate tea, I. dumosa, has a similar taste and mild effects; it is available to satisfy the different consumers as a low-caffeine and xanthine-containing substitute [13]. As the natural resources for pharmaceuticals and dietary food, progress in phytochemistry and pharmacology has led to discoveries of terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, amino acids, and other bioactive compounds in many additional Ilex species, reflecting the worldwide economic, medicinal, and clinical value of Ilex [13][14][15]. Some larger native Ilex species have been developed for timber production and garden use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Survey of Morphological Variations and Plastid Genome Sequencing Reveals Phylogenetic Divergence between Four Endemic Ilex Species

Zhang

Shan

et al. 2020

Forests

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Holly (Ilex L.), from the monogeneric Aquifoliaceae, is a woody dioecious genus cultivated as pharmaceutical and culinary plants, ornamentals, and industrial materials. With distinctive leaf morphology and growth habitats, but uniform reproductive organs (flowers and fruits), the evolutionary relationships of Ilex remain an enigma. To date, few contrast analyses have been conducted on morphology and molecular patterns in Ilex. Here, the different phenotypic traits of four endemic Ilex species (I. latifolia, I. suaveolens, I. viridis, and I. micrococca) on Mount Huangshan, China, were surveyed through an anatomic assay and DNA image cytometry, showing the unspecified link between the examined morphology and the estimated nuclear genome size. Concurrently, the newly-assembled plastid genomes in four Ilex have lengths ranging from 157,601 bp to 157,857 bp, containing a large single-copy (LSC, 87,020–87,255 bp), a small single-copy (SSC, 18,394–18,434 bp), and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs, 26,065–26,102 bp) regions. The plastid genome annotation suggested the presence of numerable protein-encoding genes (89–95), transfer RNA (tRNA) genes (37–40), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes (8). A comprehensive comparison of plastomes within eight Ilex implicated the conserved features in coding regions, but variability in the junctions of IRs/SSC and the divergent hotspot regions potentially used as the DNA marker. The Ilex topology of phylogenies revealed the incongruence with the traditional taxonomy, whereas it informed a strong association between clades and geographic distribution. Our work herein provided novel insight into the variations in the morphology and phylogeography in Aquifoliaceae. These data contribute to the understanding of genetic diversity and conservation in the medicinal Ilex of Mount Huangshan.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Survey of Morphological Variations and Plastid Genome Sequencing Reveals Phylogenetic Divergence between Four Endemic Ilex Species

Zhang

Shan

et al. 2020

Forests

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“…Anti-arrhythmic Acehytisine isolated from the root of A. coreanum aids in blocking effects on pacemaker currents, as observed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The frequency of arrhythmia remarkably decreases due to repeated administration of aconitine over a long period (Hao et al, 2015a). A. baikalense and A. septentrionale extracts are found to reduce inflammation, and their effects are comparable to those of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs currently on the market.…”

Section: Biological Properties and Pharmacodynamics Of Aconitummentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Bulleyaconitine A (BLA) obtained from Aconitum bulleyanum is widely used in TCM as an anti-inflammatory drug. It is transformed in the liver microsomes by CYP3A5 and 2D6 via deacetylation, demethylation, hydroxylation, and dehydrogenation-deacetylation (Hao et al, 2015a).…”

Section: Metabolism In the Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

The known, unknown, and the intriguing about members of a critically endangered traditional medicinal plant genus Aconitum

Kakkar,

Haneen,

Parida

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Humanity will always be indebted to plants. In the ongoing scientific era, the ‘Herbal Revolution’ has helped discover several valuable medicinal plants and associated novel secondary metabolites from the diverse unexplored ecosystems, treating several diseases via phytotherapy. The Aconitum genus comprises several economically-important poisonous mountainous medicinal plant species whose unique biodiversity is on the verge of extinction due to illegal human intervention triggered habitat loss, over-harvesting, and unrestricted trading. Owing to its vast diversity of diterpene alkaloids, most species are extensively used to treat several ailments in rural parts of the world. Irrespective of this, many unexplored and intriguing prospects exist to understand and utilize this critical plant for human benefit. This systematic review tries to fill this gap by compiling information from the sporadically available literature known for ~300 Aconitum spp. regarding its nomenclature and classification, endangerment, plant morphology, ploidy, secondary metabolites, drug pharmacokinetics, conservation, and omics-based computational studies. We also depicted the disparity in the studied model organisms for this diverse genus. The absence of genomic/metagenomic data is becoming a limiting factor in understanding its plant physiology, metabolic pathways, and plant-microbes interactions, and therefore must be promoted. Additionally, government support and public participation are crucial in establishing conservation protocols to save this plant from endangerment.

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“…Till this day, more than 1500 of Diterpenoid alkaloids (DAs) have been extracted from different plants. Some of these alkaloids have shown cytotoxic effects on cancer cells 90 . By implanting molecular docking, It was shown DAs extracted from Delphinium trichophorum (DTF), especially DTF1 and DFT2, hamper TGF‐β/ SMAD pathway and protect against PF in various ways, including interaction with TGFB receptor 1 (TGFBR1) and covering it, downregulating TGF‐β1 and α‐SMA, and restoring Smad7, the inhibitory Smad 89 (Figure 2A).…”

Section: Antioxidants As a Modulator Of Tgf‐β/ Smad Pathway In Differ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant therapy against TGF‐β/SMAD pathway involved in organ fibrosis

Ghafouri‐Fard,

Askari,

Shoorei

et al. 2023

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Fibrosis refers to excessive build‐up of scar tissue and extracellular matrix components in different organs. In recent years, it has been revealed that different cytokines and chemokines, especially Transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) is involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. It has been shown that TGF‐β is upregulated in fibrotic tissues, and contributes to fibrosis by mediating pathways that are related to matrix preservation and fibroblasts differentiation. There is no doubt that antioxidants protect against different inflammatory conditions by reversing the effects of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur‐based reactive elements. Oxidative stress has a direct impact on chronic inflammation, and as results, prolonged inflammation ultimately results in fibrosis. Different types of antioxidants, in the forms of vitamins, natural compounds or synthetic ones, have been proven to be beneficial in the protection against fibrotic conditions both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we reviewed the role of different compounds with antioxidant activity in induction or inhibition of TGF‐β/SMAD signalling pathway, with regard to different fibrotic conditions such as gastro‐intestinal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, skin fibrosis, renal fibrosis and also some rare cases of fibrosis, both in animal models and cell lines.

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Phytochemistry and biology of Ilex pharmaceutical resources

Cited by 5 publications

References 139 publications

Comparative Survey of Morphological Variations and Plastid Genome Sequencing Reveals Phylogenetic Divergence between Four Endemic Ilex Species

Comparative Survey of Morphological Variations and Plastid Genome Sequencing Reveals Phylogenetic Divergence between Four Endemic Ilex Species

The known, unknown, and the intriguing about members of a critically endangered traditional medicinal plant genus Aconitum

Antioxidant therapy against TGF‐β/SMAD pathway involved in organ fibrosis

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