Phytochemistry, cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of Catharanthus roseus

Wahab, Noor Zarina Abd; Azizul, Aziah; Ibrahim, Nazlina

doi:10.18502/ijm.v12i5.4608

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The assay was performed as described in a published study [ 62 ]. The cytotoxicity assay was conducted on monolayer Vero cells grown in a 96-well plate utilizing 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) for colorimetric analysis [ 63 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Styrylpyrone Derivative (SPD) Extracted from Goniothalamus umbrosus Binds to Dengue Virus Serotype-2 Envelope Protein and Inhibits Early Stage of Virus Replication

Wahab

Ibrahim

2022

Molecules

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A study was conducted to investigate the anti-viral effect of a styrylpyrone derivative (SPD) called goniothalamin and the effects on the dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) replication cycle. The SPD was prepared from the root of Goniothalamus umbrosus after purification with petroleum ether. The isolated SPD was then subjected to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses for structure validation. The cytotoxicity of the SPD was evaluated using a cell viability assay, while the anti-viral activity of the SPD towards DENV-2 was confirmed by conducting a foci reduction assay which involved virus yield reduction, time-of-addition, and time removal assays. Transcriptomic analysis via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) using the DENV-2 E gene was conducted to investigate the level of gene transcript. Immunocytochemistry analysis was used to investigate the effects of SPD treatment on protein E expression. Finally, software molecular docking of the SPD and E protein was also performed. The cytotoxicity assay confirmed that the SPD was not toxic to Vero cells, even at the highest concentration tested. In the time-of-addition assay, more than 80% foci reduction was observed when SPDs were administered at 2 h post-infection (hpi), and the reduction percentage then dropped with the delay of the treatment time, suggesting the inhibition of the early replication cycle. However, the time removal assay showed that more than 80% reduction could only be observed after 96 h post-treatment with the SPD. Treatment with the SPD reduced the progeny infectivity when treated for 24 h and was dose-dependent. The result showed that transcript level of the E gene in infected cells treated with the SPD was reduced compared to infected cells without treatment. In immunocytochemistry analysis, the DENV-2 E protein exhibited similar expression trends, shown by the gene transcription level. Molecular docking showed that the SPD can interact with E protein through hydrogen bonds and other interactions. Overall, this study showed that SPDs have the potential to be anti-DENV-2 via a reduction in viral progeny infectivity and a reduction in the expression of the DENV-2 E gene and protein at different phases of viral replication. SPDs should be further researched to be developed into an effective anti-viral treatment, particularly for early-phase dengue viral infection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Styrylpyrone Derivative (SPD) Extracted from Goniothalamus umbrosus Binds to Dengue Virus Serotype-2 Envelope Protein and Inhibits Early Stage of Virus Replication

Wahab

Ibrahim

2022

Molecules

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“…The formation of a reddish-brown indicated the existence of terpenoid in the extract. 13 determination of Steroid 10 mg of extract was added to 2 mL of chloroform. Then the mixture was added with 2 mL of concentrated sulphuric acid and shaken well.…”

Section: Phytochemical Screening Test For Alkaloidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activities of Kyllinga nemoralis Extracts against the Growth of some Pathogenic Bacteria

Wahab¹,

Rahman²

2022

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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This study aimed to screen the phytochemical contents and investigate antibacterial activities of the aqueous and methanolic extracts of Kyllinga nemoralis. Extraction was done using the whole plant of K. nemoralis except the root. The phytochemical screening was carried out on both aqueous and methanolic extracts of K. nemoralis. The aqueous extract showed the presence of saponin and high amount of steroid, while the methanolic extract showed high amount of terpenoid and steroid. The antibacterial activities of K. nemoralis extracts were tested against five Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Bacillus thuringiensis) and four Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella Typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae). K. nemoralis extracts were subjected to testing of their antibacterial activities by the disk diffusion method. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the extracts were determined. The results indicate that the aqueous extract of K. nemoralis exhibits more antibacterial activities than the methanolic extract. The aqueous extract of K. nemoralis showed efficacy against S. aureus and MRSA while the methanolic extract of K. nemoralis was found to exert antibacterial activity against MRSA. The results proved the potency of K. nemoralis extracts as natural antibacterial and supported the potential of use in the medication of the diseases caused by the tested bacteria.

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“…The cells were washed with phosphatebuffered saline to remove the unabsorbed viruses. Then, the cells were incubated at 37°C for 48 h. Antiviral activity was evaluated by viral plaques reduction assay [29].…”

Section: Direct Virucidal Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro virucidal activity of Kyllinga nemoralis aqueous extract against herpes simplex virus

Wahab¹,

Ganasen²,

Rahman³

et al. 2022

J App Biol Biotech

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Kyllinga nemoralis is an ignored plant distributed in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperature regions around the world. K. nemoralis plant is rich with bioactive molecules exhibiting antiherpetic properties. This study determined the antiviral activities of K. nemoralis stem with leaves aqueous extract against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The stem with leaves of K. nemoralis plant was extracted using aqueous extraction method. The cytotoxicity of K. nemoralis extract was evaluated using a cell viability assay. Plaque reduction assays were carried out to estimate the antiviral activity of K. nemoralis extract against HSV-1. Antiviral studies consisted of post-treatment, pre-treatment, and virucidal assay. Cell viability assay revealed K. nemoralis stem with leaves aqueous extract is non-toxic toward Vero cells. K. nemoralis stem with leaves aqueous extract inhibited HSV-1 replication in Vero cells with 50% effective concentration (EC 50 ) = 0.004 mg/mL and selective index (SI) = 14 when given after adsorption to the cells. The EC 50 against HSV-1 was 0.013 mg/mL and SI = 4.31 when cells were treated 24 h before virus infection. K. nemoralis stem with leaves aqueous extract exhibited direct virucidal activity against HSV-1 with EC 50 = 0.0065 mg/mL and SI = 8.62. The results presented the potential of K. nemoralis as an anti-HSV-1 agent by the following modes: direct damage to viral particle, interruption of virus attachment, and suppression of viral replication cycle.

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Phytochemistry, cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of Catharanthus roseus

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Styrylpyrone Derivative (SPD) Extracted from Goniothalamus umbrosus Binds to Dengue Virus Serotype-2 Envelope Protein and Inhibits Early Stage of Virus Replication

Styrylpyrone Derivative (SPD) Extracted from Goniothalamus umbrosus Binds to Dengue Virus Serotype-2 Envelope Protein and Inhibits Early Stage of Virus Replication

Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activities of Kyllinga nemoralis Extracts against the Growth of some Pathogenic Bacteria

In vitro virucidal activity of Kyllinga nemoralis aqueous extract against herpes simplex virus

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