Phytodiversite Et Pharmacopée Traditionnelle De La Communauté Kaamba De Madingou (Bouenza - Congo)

Abstract

The ethnobotanical study carried out at Madingou (4°16' S, 13°33' E) focuses on medicinal plants of the savannah zone. The survey used personal interviews and focus groups. Informants consisted of the inhabitants, whose age varies from 18 to 60 years or more. A total of 80 plant species were cited in the traditional pharmacopoeia. These plants are used in 66 recipes for treating 43 different diseases and symptoms, grouped in 11 major affiliations following the disease and symptoms sphere. Infectious and parasitic diseases is the most important group (23.25%), followed by the ill-defined symptoms and signs (13.95%) and the digestive system (11.63%). Five modes of administration were noted. The most preferred being the oral voice (38.75%). Among the 7 types of plant parts cited, leaves (65%) are preponderant. 8 modes of preparation were cited, the decoction (23.75%) being the most common. Of the 80 species listed, Allium sativum, Persea americana, Solanum nigrum, are among the medicinal plants most commonly used in Africa. Of the remaining species, 9 have been the subject of phytochemical studies all over the world. Ethnobotanical data show that a number of taxa, the medicinal properties of which are proved elsewhere, exist in the region and are not exploited, such as Millettia laurentii. Several species inventoried cover more than one aspect of indigenous knowledge, they are referred to as multipurpose plants and therefore the most vulnerable of the anthropic influences.Keywords: Madingou; ethnobotany; diseases; recipes; symptoms; traditional uses; phytotherapicEuropean Scientific Journal January 2018 edition Vol.14, No.3 ISSN: 1857 -7881 (Print) e -ISSN 1857-7431 192 RésuméL'étude ethnobotanique menée à Madingou (4° 16' S ; 13° 33' E), porte sur la pharmacopée traditionnelle des peuples de savanes. L'enquête se focalise sur les interviews personnalisées et les « focus group ». En l'absence de tradithérapeutes professionnels, nous nous contentons des savoirs endogènes propres aux habitants, dont l'âge varie de 18 à 60 ans voire plus. L'inventaire floristique ressort 80 espèces associées à la pharmacopée traditionnelle. L'aspect phytothérapeutique regroupe 66 recettes pour 43 maladies et symptômes divers. Suivant la sphère de la maladie et des symptômes, 11 grandes affiliations sont relevées. Cette classification montre une dominance des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (23,25%) devant les symptômes et signes mal définis (13,95%) et les maladies de l'appareil digestif (11,63%). Cinq modes d'administration ont été relevés. La voie per os (63%) est le plus prôné. On compte, 9 types organes utilisés pour la préparation des recettes. Les feuilles (65%) sont les organes les plus prépondérantes. Un total de 8 modes de préparations a été recensé. La décoction (47,5%) est le mode de préparation le plus utilisé Des 80 espèces recensées, Allium sativum, Persea americana, Solanum nigrum, figurent parmi les plantes les plus usitées en Afrique. Neuf espèces ont fait l'objet d'études phytochimiques de par le monde....

Ethnobotanical and phytotherapeutic study from Kouni community of the sub-prefecture of Kayes (Bouenza – Congo)

“…All the phytotherapeutic quotations found in the Kouni ethnic-linguistic community are a fraction of the range of known medicinal uses in Congo and elsewhere, including the ethnic-linguistic groups in their geographical area (Raponda-Walker and Sillans, 1961; Bouquet, 1969; Adjanohoun et al., 1988; Lavergne and Véra, 1989; Hecketsweiler et al., 1991; Kimpouni, 1999; Kimpouni et al., 2012). The variations observed in uses, modes of preparation and administration, diseases and symptoms treated are none other than those specific to the socio-cultural base (Betti et al., 2013a, 2013b, 2013c; Kimpouni et al., 2007; 2017, 2018). The unanimity of use of the majority of these plants at the scale of their distribution, by peoples of different and varied mores, can be cited as indisputable proof of their benefits.…”

“…By associating allochthones and autochthonous plants in therapeutic uses, the Kouni ethno-linguistic community values concomitantly the intrinsic values and those acquired secondarily, during meetings with other populations. These mechanisms allow the enrichment of the socio-cultural base and consequently the transfer of knowledge between communities (Kimpouni et al., 2017, 2018).…”

“…These ecosystems and their flora are subject to the harmful effects of human activities on a recurrent basis. In addition to the industrial exploitation of timber that degrades the forest, slash-and-burn agriculture coupled with violent bush fires, which systematically occur at the end of the dry season, is one of the factors that most transform landscapes and permanently affect flora (Kimpouni et al., 2017, 2018; Bergonzini, 2004). In addition to these facts, the collection of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) for commercial purposes to supply the city of Nkayi is a growing activity in the study area since the opening on the Pointe-Noire - Brazzaville highway.…”

“…The data of the literature made it possible to make an inventory of the ethnobotanical studies in general and particularly phytotherapy, in Congo and in our zone of study (Bouquet, 1969; Raponda-Walker and Sillans, 1961; Adjanohoun et al., 1988; Kimpouni and Motom, 2012; Kimpouni et al., 2017, 2018). They also provided information on the status (autochthonous or exotic) of inventoried species, their phytogeographic distribution, known uses within their range.…”

“…Currently, traditional knowledge is disappearing for several reasons (lack of writing, the rural exodus, and the disappearance of the elderly ...). The increasingly influential influence of worldly habits are factors favoring the decline of the endogenous knowledge of various traditional societies on the use of biodiversity (Kimpouni et al., 2017, 2018). Thus, in Africa "An old man who dies, it is a whole library which burns".…”