Phytogenic Feed Additives in Poultry: Achievements, Prospective and Challenges

Abdelli, Nedra; Solà-Oriol, David; Pérez, J. F.

doi:10.3390/ani11123471

Cited by 105 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 183 publications

(233 reference statements)

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“…Among many potentially bioactive compounds from plant extracts, eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol), a component of clove oil ( 21 ), has revealed positive potential impacts on growth performance and intestinal health ( 22 ) due to its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties ( 23 ). It possesses antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria ( 24 ). Many studies have provided direct evidence about its antibacterial activity, which is closely associated with its ability for permeabilization of the bacterial cell membrane, destroying membrane integrity and facilitating the entry of eugenol into the cytoplasm, which finally interacts with proteins and enzymes leading to the outflow of intracellular elements ( 23 , 25 , 26 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Eugenol Nanoemulsion Potentiated Performance of Broiler Chickens: Orchestration of Digestive Enzymes, Intestinal Barrier Functions and Cytokines Related Gene Expression With a Consequence of Attenuating the Severity of E. coli O78 Infection

et al. 2022

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Recently, the use of essential oils (EOs) or their bioactive compounds encapsulated by nanoparticles as alternative supplements for in-feed antimicrobials is gaining attention, especially in organic poultry production. Focusing on eugenol, its incorporation into the nanoformulation is a novel strategy to improve its stability and bioavailability and thus augment its growth-boosting and antimicrobial activities. Therefore, we explored eugenol nanoemulsion activities in modulating growth, digestive and gut barrier functions, immunity, cecal microbiota, and broilers response to avian pathogenic E. coli challenge (APEC) O78. A total of 1,000 one-day-old broiler chicks were allocated into five groups; negative control (NC, fed basal diet), positive control (PC), and 100, 250, and 400 mg/kg eugenol nanoemulsion supplemented groups. All groups except NC were challenged with APEC O78 at 14 days of age. The results showed that birds fed eugenol nanoemulsion displayed higher BWG, FI, and survivability and most improved FCR over the whole rearing period. Birds fed 400 mg/kg of eugenol nanoemulsion sustained a higher growth rate (24% vs. PC) after infection. Likely, the expression of digestive enzymes' genes (AMY2A, CCK, CELA1, and PNLIP) was more prominently upregulated and unaffected by APEC O78 challenge in the group fed eugenol nanoemulsion at the level of 400 mg/kg. Enhanced gut barrier integrity was sustained post-challenge in the group supplemented with higher levels of eugenol nanoemulsion as evidenced by the overexpression of cathelicidins-2, β-defensin-1, MUC-2, JAM-2, occludin, CLDN-1, and FABP-2 genes. A distinct modulatory effect of dietary eugenol nanoemulsion was observed on cytokine genes (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) expression with a prominent reduction in the excessive inflammatory reactions post-challenge. Supplementing eugenol nanoemulsion increased the relative cecal abundance of Lactobacillus species and reduced Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteriods counts. Notably, a prominent reduction in APEC O78 loads with downregulation of papC, iroN, iutA, and iss virulence genes and detrimental modifications in E. coli morphological features were noticed in the 400 mg/kg eugenol nanoemulsion group at the 3rd-week post-challenge. Collectively, we recommend the use of eugenol nanoemulsion as a prospective targeted delivery approach for achieving maximum broilers growth and protection against APEC O78 infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Eugenol Nanoemulsion Potentiated Performance of Broiler Chickens: Orchestration of Digestive Enzymes, Intestinal Barrier Functions and Cytokines Related Gene Expression With a Consequence of Attenuating the Severity of E. coli O78 Infection

et al. 2022

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“…Due to the complex composition, conducting systematic and thorough research evaluating the efficacy and safety of phytogenics is still difficult [ 119 ]. Furthermore, consistencies in the obtained results can be attributed to a variety of factors, including the source and bioactive compounds, which can vary depending on the plant, origin, growing areas, preparation methods, storage conditions, the absorbed dose, climatic conditions, management, and experimental design [ 120 ].…”

Section: Challenges and Way Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective, Opportunities and Challenges in Using Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) in Poultry Health and Production as an Eco-Friendly Alternative to Antibiotics: A Review

et al. 2022

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Following the European Union’s restriction on antibiotic growth promoters, research on enhancing gut health has been accelerated. As the poultry industry is facing issues that were previously managed by antimicrobial growth promoters, the hunt for the best remedies continues to find suitable alternatives. Simultaneously, social pressure is mounting to reduce the usage of antibiotics and replace them with other feed additives. Consumers believe a number of accessible options to be safe, with phytogenics playing a crucial role. This review describes how the use of fennel seeds could be beneficial for poultry. An overview of the broad chemical diversity of fennel is presented together with their physicochemical and biological properties. According to investigations, fennel seeds have a variety of biological effects in birds, including improved performance, higher immune cell proliferation, reduced oxidative stress, and boosted antibody titers against infectious diseases. The efficacy of poultry outcomes is determined by the stage and age of the plants, the extraction process, the geographical location, the chicken species, management techniques, and the concentrations administered. The present review focuses on the effects of fennel seeds as a feed additive on poultry growth, carcass quality, blood biochemistry, antioxidant activity, immunity, and microbiological aspects.

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“…Eimeria acervulina induces intestinal damage in commercial poultry production. It has been tested for its efficacy against anethole, turmeric, and garlic metabolites ( Nahed et al., 2022 ; Abdelli, Solà-Oriol & Pérez, 2021 ).…”

Section: Nutrigenomics In Poultrymentioning

confidence: 99%