Phytohormones as Plant Growth Regulators and Safe Protectors against Biotic and Abiotic Stress

Rizwan, Asif; Yasmin, Riffat; Mustafa, Madiha; Ambreen, Ana; Mazhar, Modasrah; Rehman, Abdul; Umbreen, Shehla; Ahmad, Mukhtiar

doi:10.5772/intechopen.102832

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…This GO term includes genes involved in pathways of the aromatic amino acids, which are linked to the synthesis of several secondary metabolites such as phytohormones 44 . Phytohormones are known to regulate many processes such as flowering time and biomass production 41 , 45 . We found the molecular function voltage-gated chloride channel activity (417ChlCh) to be associated with chlorophyll content and stomata density.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To investigate the relationship between gene expression and plant traits, we used redundancy analysis (RDA) performed in vegan package version 2.6-2 41 in R. The plant trait data (i.e. traits related to physiology, growth and fitness) were transformed as mentioned above and standardized for 0 mean and unit variance (to transfer all the traits into relative, i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of Fragaria vesca to projected change in temperature, water availability and concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere

Sammarco

Münzbergová

Latzel

2023

Sci Rep

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The high rate of climate change may soon expose plants to conditions beyond their adaptation limits. Clonal plants might be particularly affected due to limited genotypic diversity of their populations, potentially decreasing their adaptability. We therefore tested the ability of a widely distributed predominantly clonally reproducing herb (Fragaria vesca) to cope with periods of drought and flooding in climatic conditions predicted to occur at the end of the twenty-first century, i.e. on average 4 °C warmer and with twice the concentration of CO2 in the air (800 ppm) than the current state. We found that F. vesca can phenotypically adjust to future climatic conditions, although its drought resistance may be reduced. Increased temperature and CO2 levels in the air had a far greater effect on growth, phenology, reproduction, and gene expression than the temperature increase itself, and promoted resistance of F. vesca to repeated flooding periods. Higher temperature promoted clonal over sexual reproduction, and increased temperature and CO2 concentration in the air triggered change in expression of genes controlling the level of self-pollination. We conclude that F. vesca can acclimatise to predicted climate change, but the increased ratio of clonal to sexual reproduction and the alteration of genes involved in the self-(in)compatibility system may be associated with reduced genotypic diversity of its populations, which may negatively impact its ability to genetically adapt to novel climate in the long-term.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Fragaria vesca to projected change in temperature, water availability and concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere

Sammarco

Münzbergová

Latzel

2023

Sci Rep

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“…Overall, the effect was usually neutral or negative, which may be explained by the excessive concentration of phytohormones. In higher doses, phytohormones can inhibit important processes occurring in plants [37]. Additionally, recent studies on Lemna minor have shown that algal methanol extract can act similarly to herbicide [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Microalgae Planktochlorella nurekis Clones on Seed Germination

Karbarz

Piziak

Zuczek³

et al. 2022

Agronomy

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Microalgae are a rich source of plant hormones, vitamins, and other substances that can influence plant physiological metabolism, which in turn affects plant development, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, and yield. This study aimed at testing microalgae Planktochlorella nurekis clones obtained by co-treatment with colchicine and cytochalasin on four plant species to check their potential use as biostimulators in agriculture. The results are valuable for breeders, farmers, and microgreen producers. Eleven clone extracts in 1%, 5%, and 10% concentration were tested on four plant species: lettuce, wheat, broccoli, and radish. Germination and seedling characteristics (leaf and root length, fresh weight) were measured for each species. P. nurekis extracts show both a stimulating and inhibitory effect on tested plants, depending on the tested concentration, plant species, and algal clone tested. Co-treatment with colchicine and cytochalasin may be a good source of clones for potential use in agriculture as biostimulators and herbicides.

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“…The SA defense of plants is enhanced by cytokinin and thus cytokinin and salicylic acid exhibit a positive and beneficial interaction. A high level of cytokinin can modulate the SA signaling by triggering the SA-related gene expression involved in plant defense, thus, providing an enhanced protection to the plant (Lubyanova., 2021;Asif et al, 2022).…”

Section: Role Of Cytokinins In the Interaction Between Plants And Pat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinin biosynthesis in cyanobacteria: Insights for crop improvement

Uniyal

Bhandari²,

Singh³

et al. 2022

Front. Genet.

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Cytokinins, a type of phytohormones that induce division of cytoplasm, have considerable value in agriculture due to their influences on several physiological processes of plants such as morphogenesis, development of chloroplast, seed dormancy, leaf senescence, etc. Previously, it was assumed that plants obtain cytokinin from the soil produced by microbes as these hormones were first discovered in soil-inhabiting bacteria i.e., Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Later, the cytokinin biosynthesis gene, i.e., ipt gene, has been reported in plants too. Though plants synthesize cytokinins, several studies have reported that the exogenous application of cytokinins has numerous beneficial effects including the acceleration of plant growth and boosting economic yield. Cyanobacteria may be employed in the soil not only as the source of cytokinins but also as the source of other plant growth-promoting metabolites. These organisms biosynthesize the cytokinins using the enzyme isopentenyl transferases (IPTs) in a fashion similar to the plants; however, there are few differences in the biosynthesis mechanism of cytokinins in cyanobacteria and plants. Cytokinins are important for the establishment of interaction between plants and cyanobacteria as evidenced by gene knockout experiments. These hormones are also helpful in alleviating the adverse effects of abiotic stresses on plant development. Cyanobacterial supplements in the field result in the induction of adventitious roots and shoots on petiolar as well as internodal segments. The leaf, root, and stem explants of certain plants exhibited successful regeneration when treated with cyanobacterial extract/cell suspension. These successful regeneration practices mark the way of cyanobacterial deployment in the field as a great move toward the goal of sustainable agriculture.

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Phytohormones as Plant Growth Regulators and Safe Protectors against Biotic and Abiotic Stress

Cited by 20 publications

References 68 publications

Response of Fragaria vesca to projected change in temperature, water availability and concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere

Response of Fragaria vesca to projected change in temperature, water availability and concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere

Influence of Microalgae Planktochlorella nurekis Clones on Seed Germination

Cytokinin biosynthesis in cyanobacteria: Insights for crop improvement

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