Phytoplankton and foraminiferal frequencies in northern Indian Ocean and Red Sea surface waters

Kleijne, A.; Kroon, Dick; Zevenboom, Wanda

doi:10.1016/0077-7579(89)90131-2

Cited by 95 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For example, Brown & Yoder (1994) mapped the global occurrence of coccolithophor~d blooms using data from the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) and commented that 'The paucity of blooms in the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean is in agreement with findings of several older phytoplankton studies...'. We are aware of only 1 report of a coccolithophorid bloom in the Arabian Sea, but that bloom occurred in the upwelling region near the Oman margin during the southwest monsoon (Kleijne et al 1989). While surface blooms of Tnchodesmium can have the same absolute reflectance value as a coccolithophorid bloom, their spectral signatures are extremely different.…”

Section: Remote Sensingmentioning

confidence: 93%

An extensive bloom of the N2-fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium erythraeum in the central Arabian Sea

Capone¹,

Subramaniam²,

Montoya³

et al. 1998

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

237

198

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ABSTRACT-LVe encountered an extensive surface bloom of the N, fixing cyanobactenum Trichodesrniurn erythraeum in the central basin of the Arabian Sea during the spring ~nter-n~onsoon of 1995. The bloom, which occurred dunng a penod of calm winds and relatively high atmospher~c iron content, was metabollcally active. Carbon fixation by the bloom represented about one-quarter of water column primary productivity while input by h:: flxation could account for a major fraction of the estimated 'new' N demand of pnmary production. Isotopic measurements of the N in surface suspended material confirmed a direct contribution of N, fixation to the organic nltrogen pools of the upper water column. Retrospective analysis of NOAA-12 AVHRR imagery indicated that blooms covered up to 2 X 106 km2, or 20% of the Arabian Sea surface, during the period from 22 to 27 May 1995. In addition to their biogeochemical impact, surface blooms of this extent may have secondary effects on sea surface albedo and light penetration as well as heat and gas exchange across the air-sea interface. A preliminary extrapolation based on our observed, non-bloom rates of N, fixation from our limited sampling in the spring intermonsoon, including a conservative estimate of the input by blooms, suggest N2 fixation may account for an input of about 1 Tg N yr-I This is substantial, but relatively minor compared to current estimates of the removal of N through denitrification in the basin. However, N2 fixation may also occur in the central basin through the mild winter monsoon, be considerably greater during the fall intermonsoon than we observed during the spring intermonsoon, and may also occur at higher levels in the chronically oligotrophic southern basin. Ongoing satellite observations will help to determine more accurately the distribution and density of Trichodesmium in this and other tropical oceanic basins, as well as resolving the actual frequency and duration of bloom occurrence.

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Section: Remote Sensingmentioning

confidence: 93%

An extensive bloom of the N2-fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium erythraeum in the central Arabian Sea

Capone¹,

Subramaniam²,

Montoya³

et al. 1998

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

237

198

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“…The high number of G. oceanica (>25%) in the Granada upper photic waters is also evidence of the high nutrient conditions in the Granada Basin. G. oceanica has been reported as an upwelling species (see Winter et al 1994, p. 40 for references) which blooms at a lower salinity than E. huxleyi (Kleijne et al 1989). In the neritic Gulf of Panama it was also found to be the dominant species (Smayda 1966;Throndsen 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical and horizontal distribution of coccolithophores in the Caribbean Sea

et al. 2002

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“…Symbiosis between some protists and cyanobacteria has long been known (Carpenter, 2002;Pretchl et al, 5/27/08 2004). Thus, the dominance of Umbellosphaera species in the oligotrophic waters of the midocean gyres (Kleijne et al, 1989;Young, 1994) may be due to bacterial symbiosis, in particular of diazotroph bacteria. This form of aquaculture may resolve the enigma of the extreme adaptation of many extant coccolithophorids to oligotrophic waters (Kilham and Soltau Kilham, 1980).…”

Section: Spirothecate Coccospheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sea of Lilliputians

Aubry¹

2009

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Smaller size is generally seen as a negative response of organisms to stressful environmental conditions, associated with low diversity and species dominance. The mean size of the coccolithophorids decreased through the Neogene, leading to the prediction that their extant representatives are characterized by poor diversification and low specialization. The study of the (exo)coccospheres of selected taxa in the order Syracosphaerales negates this prediction, revealing that on the contrary some extant lineages are highly diversified and remarkably specialized. Whereas the general role of coccoliths remains indeterminate, this analysis suggests that some highly derived coccoliths may be modified for the collection of food particles, including picoplankton, thus implying that mixotrophy may characterize these lineages. In the extant coccolithophorids, species richness of genera is inversely correlated with the size of cells, definitive evidence that small size is part of a morphologic strategy rather than a sign of evolutionary failure. Because of their extreme minuteness, the extant nannoplankton can be well compared to Lilliputians, but the trend toward size decrease in Neogene lineages is not attributable to the Lilliput effect described by Urbanek (1993).

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Phytoplankton and foraminiferal frequencies in northern Indian Ocean and Red Sea surface waters

Cited by 95 publications

References 13 publications

An extensive bloom of the N2-fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium erythraeum in the central Arabian Sea

An extensive bloom of the N2-fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium erythraeum in the central Arabian Sea

Vertical and horizontal distribution of coccolithophores in the Caribbean Sea

A sea of Lilliputians

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