Phytoplasmas in Weeds and Wild Plants

Duduk, Bojan; Stepanović, Jelena; Yadav, Amit; Rao, G. P.

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-0119-3_11

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Vectors disperse CaPsol from natural reservoirs—weeds and wild plants—some of which can be used by insects as their hosts 6 , 20 . The traditional epidemiological divergence of CaPsol strains, based on the house-keeping tuf gene (encoding factor tu), was originally attributed to host plant preferences of the vector H. obsoletus 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological role of novel and already known ‘Ca. P. solani’ cixiid vectors in rubbery taproot disease of sugar beet in Serbia

Kosovac

Ćurčić

Stepanović

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Rubbery taproot disease (RTD) of sugar beet was recently associated with the plant pathogenic bacterium ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (CaPsol) and reported throughout the Pannonian Plain with variations in severity. Tracing CaPsol epidemiological pathways was performed in the experimental sugar beet field in Rimski Šančevi (Serbia) in 2020–2021, where an RTD outbreak was recently recorded. A molecular epidemiology approach was applied to the study of three RTD occurrence scenarios: epidemic, non-epidemic and ‘absence of RTD’. As a result, Hyalesthes obsoletus ex Convolvulus arvensis was detected as a CaPsol vector to sugar beet, while two other cixiids were identified for the first time as vectors of the CaPsol-induced plant disease in crops: Reptalus quinquecostatus and R. cuspidatus. R. quinquecostatus was proposed culpable for the 2020 RTD epidemic outbreak in Rimski Šančevi when dSTOLg CaPsol strain predominated in the RTD-affected sugar beet, whereas R. cuspidatus had a negligible role in RTD occurrence and displayed ambiguous involvement in CaPsol epidemiology on a wider scale. The temporal discrepancy of the offset of CaPsol dissemination and disease occurrence is the main obstacle in predicting CaPsol-induced diseases. Predicting disease occurrence and severity can only be achieved by gaining a better understanding of CaPsol epidemiological pathways and insect vectors involved in disease outbreaks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological role of novel and already known ‘Ca. P. solani’ cixiid vectors in rubbery taproot disease of sugar beet in Serbia

Kosovac

Ćurčić

Stepanović

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Several weeds are reported as reservoirs of important phytoplasma strains which are suggested to play an important role in natural spread of phytoplasma strains and serve as natural alternative hosts, since they influence the population density of the vectors and act as source of inoculums (Pasquini et al 2007 ; Duduk et al 2018 ). In the present study, two phytoplasmas ribosomal groups (16SrII and 16SrVI) were identified in three weed species, that are also reported to be reservoir of different phytoplasma strains in different countries, viz., 16SrII-E subgroup in Italy (Tolu et al 2006 ), 16SrIII (X-disease) group and 16SrXII group in Czech Republic (Safarova et al 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of phytoplasma strains infecting chrysanthemum varieties in India and their possible natural reservoirs

et al. 2020

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Symptoms typical of phytoplasma infection such as phyllody, virescence, witches’ broom and yellowing were observed in 12 varieties of Chrysanthemum morifolium in floral nurseries and experimental fields at New Delhi, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh, India, during surveys made from 2015 to 2017. Disease incidence ranged from 15 to 30%. Phytoplasma presence was confirmed in all symptomatic chrysanthemum varieties by molecular identification assays. Sequence comparison, phylogenetic and in silico RFLP analyses of 16S rDNA sequences allowed the identification of the chrysanthemum infecting phytoplasma strains into different ribosomal groups and subgroups, namely 16SrI, 16SrII-D, 16SrVI-D and 16SrXIV. Detection of phytoplasma strains of 16SrII-D subgroup were also confirmed in symptomatic Chenopodium album and Parthenium hysterophorus plants grown in and around the surveyed chrysanthemum fields at New Delhi, whereas 16SrVI-D phytoplasma strains were detected in symptomatic Cannabis sativa weed and leafhopper Hishimonus phycitis individuals collected from the symptomatic chrysanthemum fields at New Delhi. This is the first report on the presence of 16SrVI and 16SrXIV groups of phytoplasmas in chrysanthemum plants. Studies on genetic diversity of phytoplasmas infecting the major chrysanthemum varieties in India and their epidemiological aspects had previously not been reported. The detection and identification of phytoplasmas in different chrysanthemum varieties could contribute to increase the awareness among farmers in the management of these diseases.

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“…In the agriculture and horticulture sectors globally, phytoplasma-related diseases lead to extensive yield losses. Many economically important crops, including vegetables, spices, medicinal plants, ornamentals, cash crops, palms, fruit trees, weeds, timber, and shade trees, are affected due to phytoplasma-related diseases ( Lee et al, 2000 ; Rao et al, 2017 , 2018 ; Duduk et al, 2018 ; Bertaccini, 2022 ; Brooks et al, 2022 ; Sundararaj et al, 2022 ; Marcone et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impact of phytoplasma diseases and their distribution in different geographical areas depends on the host range of the phytoplasma and the polyphagous feeding behavior of the insect vector ( Weintraub and Beanland, 2006 ; Foissac and Wilson, 2009 ). Phytoplasma research has flourished in the last two decades, and reviews published from time to time give a good understanding of phytoplasma studies, including its taxonomy, etiology, transmission, and interaction with insect and plant hosts ( Lee et al, 2000 ; Bai et al, 2006 ; Weintraub and Beanland, 2006 ; Hogenhout et al, 2008 ; Bertaccini and Duduk, 2009 ; Sugio et al, 2011 ; Rao et al, 2017 ; Duduk et al, 2018 ; Bertaccini et al, 2022 ; Wei and Zhao, 2022 ). This review summarizes the history and current status of phytoplasma taxonomy, focusing on the different classification systems used, their advantages and drawbacks; issues related to published phytoplasma species; recent attempts to develop a classification system for ‘Candidatus’ bacteria and related issues in context with phytoplasma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From sequences to species: Charting the phytoplasma classification and taxonomy in the era of taxogenomics

Kirdat

Tiwarekar²,

Sathe³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Phytoplasma taxonomy has been a topic of discussion for the last two and half decades. Since the Japanese scientists discovered the phytoplasma bodies in 1967, the phytoplasma taxonomy was limited to disease symptomology for a long time. The advances in DNA-based markers and sequencing improved phytoplasma classification. In 2004, the International Research Programme on Comparative Mycoplasmology (IRPCM)- Phytoplasma/Spiroplasma Working Team – Phytoplasma taxonomy group provided the description of the provisional genus ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ with guidelines to describe the new provisional phytoplasma species. The unintentional consequences of these guidelines led to the description of many phytoplasma species where species characterization was restricted to a partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene alone. Additionally, the lack of a complete set of housekeeping gene sequences or genome sequences, as well as the heterogeneity among closely related phytoplasmas limited the development of a comprehensive Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) system. To address these issues, researchers tried deducing the definition of phytoplasma species using phytoplasmas genome sequences and the average nucleotide identity (ANI). In another attempts, a new phytoplasma species were described based on the Overall Genome relatedness Values (OGRI) values fetched from the genome sequences. These studies align with the attempts to standardize the classification and nomenclature of ‘Candidatus’ bacteria. With a brief historical account of phytoplasma taxonomy and recent developments, this review highlights the current issues and provides recommendations for a comprehensive system for phytoplasma taxonomy until phytoplasma retains ‘Candidatus’ status.

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Phytoplasmas in Weeds and Wild Plants

Cited by 14 publications

References 95 publications

Epidemiological role of novel and already known ‘Ca. P. solani’ cixiid vectors in rubbery taproot disease of sugar beet in Serbia

Epidemiological role of novel and already known ‘Ca. P. solani’ cixiid vectors in rubbery taproot disease of sugar beet in Serbia

Genetic diversity of phytoplasma strains infecting chrysanthemum varieties in India and their possible natural reservoirs

From sequences to species: Charting the phytoplasma classification and taxonomy in the era of taxogenomics

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