Phytoscreening for perchlorate: rapid analysis of tree sap

Limmer, Matt A.; West, Danielle M.; Mu, Ruipu; Shi, Honglan; Whitlock, Kim; Burken, Joel G.

doi:10.1039/c4ew00103f

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…1, 33 Beyond phytoremediation, plants can also be used as inexpensive sensors to monitor contaminant presence and concentration gradients without costly and invasive sampling techniques. 54–57 Our work suggests that measuring 2-ANAN or DNAN inside plant tissues would under-predict actual DNAN uptake and metabolism, making correlations to porewater DNAN concentration problematic without further investigation and result in conservative estimates of phytoremediation efficacy. Our discovery of photo-denitration of DNAN indicates that photolysis may be an overlooked mechanism for transforming and detoxifying contaminants taken up by plants under field conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism and Photolysis of 2,4-Dinitroanisole in Arabidopsis

Schroer

Lehmler

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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New insensitive munitions explosives, including 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), are replacing traditional explosive compounds to protect soldiers and simplify transport logistics. Despite the occupational safety benefits of these new explosives, feasible strategies for cleaning up DNAN from soil and water have not been developed. Here, we evaluate the metabolism of DNAN by the model plant Arabidopsis to determine whether phytoremediation can be used to clean-up contaminated sites. Furthermore, we evaluate the role of photodegradation of DNAN and its plant metabolites within Arabidopsis leaves to determine the potential impact of photolysis on the phytoremediation of contaminants. When exposed to DNAN for three days, Arabidopsis took up and metabolized 67% of the DNAN in hydroponic solution. We used high resolution and tandem mass spectrometry in combination with stable-isotope labeled DNAN to confirm ten phase II DNAN metabolites in Arabidopsis. The plants separately reduced both the para- and ortho-nitro groups and produced glycosylated products that accumulated within plant tissues. Both DNAN and a glycosylated metabolite were subsequently photolyzed within leaf tissue under simulated sunlight, and [15N2]DNAN yielded 15NO2 in leaves. Therefore, photolysis inside leaves may be an important, yet under-explored, phytoremediation mechanism.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism and Photolysis of 2,4-Dinitroanisole in Arabidopsis

Schroer

Lehmler

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Limmer and coworkers developed a method for extracting and measuring perchlorate in tree sap, as a variety of plants have been observed to take up perchlorate readily through their roots. 15 Perchlorate salts are known for their oxidizing properties and have been used extensively for manufacturing explosives, reworks, and propellants. The perchlorate ion (ClO 4 À ) is highly water-soluble, degrades slowly in the environment, and has been linked to the disruption of thyroid function and other negative health effects in humans.…”

Section: Trees As Biomonitors For Persistent Organic Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research highlights: natural passive samplers – plants as biomonitors

Lin

2015

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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In the past decade, interest in boosting the collection of data on environmental pollutants while reducing costs has spurred intensive research into passive samplers, instruments that monitor the environment through the free flow of chemical species. These devices, although relatively inexpensive compared to active sampling technologies, are often tailored for collection of specific contaminants or monitoring of a single phase, typically water or air. Plants as versatile, natural passive samplers have gained increased attention in recent years due to their ability to absorb a diverse range of chemicals from the air, water, and soil. Trees, lichens, and other flora have evolved exquisite biological features to facilitate uptake of nutrients and water from the ground and conduct gas exchange on an extraordinary scale, making them excellent monitors of their surroundings. Sampling established plant specimens in a region also provides both historical and spatial data on environmental contaminants at relatively low cost in a non-invasive manner. This Highlight presents several recent publications that demonstrate how plant biomonitoring can be used to map the distribution of a variety of pollutants and identify their sources.

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“…These developed methods were generally applicable at analyzing a specific type of contaminant or one type of plant, in addition to the requirement of time-consuming sample extraction or specific setup. Although a rapid and simple freeze−thaw− centrifugation method has been developed for field contamination screening of perchlorate using tree sap in our previous study, 35 the method is not suitable to simultaneously analyze a large variety of contaminants in crop samples. The objective of this study was to develop a rapid, simple, and sensitive analytical method to analyze different types of EFCs simultaneously in plants saps for rapid brownfield contamination and food safety assessments.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Analysis: High Throughput Analysis of Emerging Pollutants in Plant Sap by Freeze–Thaw–Centrifugal Membrane Filtration Sample Preparation—HPLC-MS/MS Analysis

Zhang

Xue

et al. 2019

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Emerging and fugitive contaminants (EFCs) released to our biosphere have caused a legacy and continuing threat to human and ecological health, contaminating air, water, and soil. Polluted media are closely linked to food security through plants, especially agricultural crops. However, measuring EFCs in plant tissues remains difficult, and high-throughput screening is a greater challenge. A novel rapid freeze–thaw/centrifugation extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis was developed for high-throughput quantification of 11 EFCs with diverse chemical properties, including estriol, codeine, oxazepam, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine, bisphenol A, triclosan, caffeine, carbamazepine, lincomycin, and DEET, in three representative crops, corn, tomato, and wheat. The internal aqueous solution, i.e., sap, is liberated via a freeze/thaw cycle, and separated from macromolecules utilizing molecular weight cutoff membrane centrifugal filtration. Detection limits ranged from 0.01 μg L–1 to 2.0 μg L–1. Recoveries of spiked analytes in three species ranged from 83.7% to 109%. Developed methods can rapidly screen EFCs in agriculture crops and can assess pollutant distribution at contaminated sites and gain insight on EFCs transport in plants to assess transmembrane migration in vascular organisms. The findings contribute significantly to environmental research, food security, and human health, as it assesses the first step of potential entry into the food chain, that being transmembrane migration and plant uptake, the primary barrier between polluted waters or soils and our food.

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Phytoscreening for perchlorate: rapid analysis of tree sap

Abstract: This study presents the first demonstration of perchlorate phytoscreening, successfully delineating areas of contaminated groundwater quickly and with minimal environmental impact.

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Metabolism and Photolysis of 2,4-Dinitroanisole in Arabidopsis

Metabolism and Photolysis of 2,4-Dinitroanisole in Arabidopsis

Research highlights: natural passive samplers – plants as biomonitors

Green Analysis: High Throughput Analysis of Emerging Pollutants in Plant Sap by Freeze–Thaw–Centrifugal Membrane Filtration Sample Preparation—HPLC-MS/MS Analysis

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