Phytosterol content and the campesterol:sitosterol ratio influence cotton fiber development: role of phytosterols in cell elongation

Deng, Shasha; Wei, Ting; Tan, Kunling; Hu, Mingyu; Li, Fang; Zhai, Yun-lan; Ye, Shue; Xiao, Yazhong; Hou, Lei; Pei, Yan; Luo, Ming

doi:10.1007/s11427-015-4992-3

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In wild-type cotton, a cohort of genes involved in sterol biosynthesis are highly expressed during early fiber elongation (Supplemental Figure 7). Consistently, sterol is enriched in fibers at the elongation stage compared with the late secondary wall thickening period (Figure 7; Deng et al, 2016). Suppressing GhSCP2D expression downregulated sterol biosynthesis genes and reduced the sterol contents in 5-and 10-DPA fibers compared with wild-type plants (Figure 7), demonstrating a role for GhSCP2D in maintaining sterol homeostasis within the elongating cotton fiber cell.…”

Section: Ghscp2d Is Required For Maintaining Symplasmic Permeability supporting

confidence: 55%

Suppressing a Putative Sterol Carrier Gene Reduces Plasmodesmal Permeability and Activates Sucrose Transporter Genes during Cotton Fiber Elongation

et al. 2017

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Plasmodesmata (PDs) play vital roles in cell-to-cell communication and plant development. Emerging evidence suggests that sterols are involved in PD activity during cytokinesis. However, whether sterols contribute to PD gating between established cells remains unknown. Here, we isolated , a putative sterol carrier protein gene from elongating cotton () fibers. In contrast to wild-type fiber PDs, which opened at 5 to 10 d postanthesis (DPA) and closed only at 15 to 25 DPA, plants with suppressed expression had reduced sterol contents and closed PDs at 5 through 25 DPA Thesuppressed fibers exhibited callose deposition at the PDs, likely due to reduced expression of , which encodes a PD-targeting β-1,3-glucanase. Both expression and callose deposition were sensitive to a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor. Moreover, suppressing upregulated a cohort of and sucrose transporter genes in fiber cells. Collectively, our results indicate that (1) GhSCP2D is required for expression to degrade callose at the PD, thereby contributing to the establishment of the symplasmic pathway; and (2) blocking the symplasmic pathway by downregulating activates or increases the expression of and , leading to the switch from symplasmic to apoplasmic pathways.

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Section: Ghscp2d Is Required For Maintaining Symplasmic Permeability supporting

confidence: 55%

Suppressing a Putative Sterol Carrier Gene Reduces Plasmodesmal Permeability and Activates Sucrose Transporter Genes during Cotton Fiber Elongation

et al. 2017

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“…The top layer of the Zygnema mat investigated in the present study also showed a depletion of β‐sitosterol and campesterol. Both compounds may be incorporated into biomembranes in response to environmental stress (Deng et al ., ). The chlorophyte C .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The top layer of the Zygnema mat investigated in the present study also showed a depletion of β-sitosterol and campesterol. Both compounds may be incorporated into biomembranes in response to environmental stress (Deng et al, 2016). The chlorophyte C. reinhardtii accumulates these metabolites when exposed to high light for a short period of time (Erickson et al, 2015).…”

Section: Cell Wall and Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

Metatranscriptomic and metabolite profiling reveals vertical heterogeneity within a Zygnema green algal mat from Svalbard (High Arctic)

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Pichrtová

Arc

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary Within streptophyte green algae Zygnematophyceae are the sister group to the land plants that inherited several traits conferring stress protection. Zygnema sp., a mat‐forming alga thriving in extreme habitats, was collected from a field site in Svalbard, where the bottom layers are protected by the top layers. The two layers were investigated by a metatranscriptomic approach and GC–MS‐based metabolite profiling. In the top layer, 6569 genes were significantly upregulated and 149 were downregulated. Upregulated genes coded for components of the photosynthetic apparatus, chlorophyll synthesis, early light‐inducible proteins, cell wall and carbohydrate metabolism, including starch‐degrading enzymes. An increase in maltose in the top layer and degraded starch grains at the ultrastructural levels corroborated these findings. Genes involved in amino acid, redox metabolism and DNA repair were upregulated. A total of 29 differentially accumulated metabolites (out of 173 identified ones) confirmed higher metabolic turnover in the top layer. For several of these metabolites, differential accumulation matched the transcriptional changes of enzymes involved in associated pathways. In summary, the findings support the hypothesis that in a Zygnema mat the top layer shields the bottom layers from abiotic stress factors such as excessive irradiation.

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“…In fact, genes involved in phytosterol biosynthesis, such as GhSMT2–1 , GhSMT1 , GhCYP51G1 , and GhHYDRA1 , and those involved in BR synthesis or signaling are preferentially expressed in fiber cells, and their expression peaks at the stage of rapid fiber elongation [7, 8, 27–34]. Furthermore, phytosterol levels are at their highest, and the gene encoding the sterol carrier protein ( GhSCP2D ) highly expressed at the fiber elongation stage [4, 12]. Although on gene expression and biochemical aspects, phytosterols are recognized as important factors for the growth and development of cotton fibers, it is unclear what effect of phytosterol content and composition changes on fiber growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of phytosterol composition influences cotton fiber cell elongation and secondary cell wall deposition

et al. 2019

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Background Cotton fiber is a single cell that arises from the epidermis of ovule. It is not only a main economic product of cotton, but an ideal material for studying on the growth and development of plant cell. Our previous study indicated that phytosterol content and the ratio of campesterol to sitosterol fluctuated regularly in cotton fiber development. However, what effects of modified phytosterol content and composition on the growth and development of cotton fiber cell is unknown. In this study, we overexpressed the GhSMT2–1 , a cotton homologue of sterol C-24 methyltransferase 2 gene in transgenic upland cotton plants to modify phytosterol content and composition in fiber cells and investigated the changes on fiber elongation and secondary cell wall deposition. Results GhSMT2–1 overexpression led to changes of phytosterol content and the ratio of campesterol to sitosterol in fiber cell. At the rapid elongation stage of fiber cell, total phytosterol and sitosterol contents were increased while campesterol content was decreased in transgenic fibers when compared to control fibers. Accordingly, the ratio of campesterol to sitosterol declined strikingly. Simultaneously, the transgenic fibers were shorter and thicker than control fibers. Exogenous application of sitosterol or campesterol separately inhibited control fiber cell elongation in cotton ovule culture system in vitro. In addition, campesterol treatment partially rescued transgenic fiber elongation. Conclusion These results elucidated that modification of phytosterol content and composition influenced fiber cell elongation and secondary cell wall formation. High sitosterol or low ratio of campesterol to sitosterol suppresses fiber elongation and/or promote secondary cell wall deposition. The roles of sitosterol and campesterol were discussed in fiber cell development. There might be a specific ratio of campesterol to sitosterol in different developmental stage of cotton fibers, in which GhSMT2–1 play an important role. Our study, at a certain degree, provides novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of fiber cell development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-019-1830-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Phytosterol content and the campesterol:sitosterol ratio influence cotton fiber development: role of phytosterols in cell elongation

Cited by 23 publications

References 59 publications

Suppressing a Putative Sterol Carrier Gene Reduces Plasmodesmal Permeability and Activates Sucrose Transporter Genes during Cotton Fiber Elongation

Suppressing a Putative Sterol Carrier Gene Reduces Plasmodesmal Permeability and Activates Sucrose Transporter Genes during Cotton Fiber Elongation

Metatranscriptomic and metabolite profiling reveals vertical heterogeneity within a Zygnema green algal mat from Svalbard (High Arctic)

Modification of phytosterol composition influences cotton fiber cell elongation and secondary cell wall deposition

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