Phytovolatilization of Oxygenated Gasoline-Impacted Groundwater at an Underground Storage Tank Site Via Conifers

Arnold, Charles W.; Parfitt, D. G.; Kaltreider, M.

doi:10.1080/15226510601139409

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The trees were located in a flood plain of the Savannah River, between South Carolina and Georgia, that received contaminated groundwater discharge. This detection of MTBE in trees at the field scale was later confirmed to occur in coniferous evergreens by Arnold et al (2007). This detection of MTBE in trees at the field scale was later confirmed to occur in coniferous evergreens by Arnold et al (2007).…”

Section: Plant Tissue Samplesmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Arnold et al (2007) investigated MTBE loss by existing vegetation at a gasoline site in California characterized by MTBE-and TBA-contaminated groundwater. Arnold et al (2007) investigated MTBE loss by existing vegetation at a gasoline site in California characterized by MTBE-and TBA-contaminated groundwater.…”

Section: Plant Interaction and Uptake Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers also have shown that the tree-core technique for oaks and cypress trees has been a useful indicator of the presence of chlorinated solvents from groundwater contamination (Doucette et al 1998;Vroblesky et al 1999a) and in a variety of hardwood and softwood species Schumacher et al 2004;Sorek et al 2008), and petroleum hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, trimethylbenzene isomers, and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in oak trees (Landmeyer et al 2000;Arnold et al 2007). In those studies, cores of trunk material were collected using standard increment-borer techniques; core material was placed in glass vials that were capped with gas-tight seals, and compounds in the headspace were then identified using a field gas chromatograph with a photoionization detector (Vroblesky et al 1999a).…”

Section: Plant Tissue Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introduction to Phytoremediation of Contaminated Groundwater

Landmeyer

2012

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Library of Congress Control Number: 2011937578# Springer ScienceþBusiness Media B.V. 2012 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover image: # 2011 JupiterImages CorporationPrinted on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) The deeper the roots, the higher the reach To Lori, Kaylee, and Ava-May our roots always find deep water.. Preface "Nature is driven by water"Leonardo da Vinci (from Richter 1888)Groundwater is one of our most important natural resources. Groundwater provides drinking water to more than 50% of the population of the United States. This fact may not surprise a domestic-well owner, but may surprise municipal water customers who drink tap water supplied by wells. A greater percentage of the population in other countries, particularly in the developing world, relies on groundwater. Groundwater usually requires minimal treatment prior to drinking as groundwater is filtered during flow through porous sediments. Moreover, groundwater can be decades to thousands of years old and, therefore, contain precipitation that fell long before the production and release of modern-day contaminants.These facts do not imply groundwater is protected from contamination. On the contrary, groundwater resources can be more vulnerable to contamination than surface water. For example, contaminant sources may be located a short vertical distance above shallow groundwater that typically is discharged to surface water or pumped by wells after only a few years in the subsurface with correspondingly little time for contaminant cleansing to occur. Alternatively, the slow groundwater-flow rates characteristic of deep groundwater means that contamination will take more time to be discharged from aquifers. In both cases, contamination of groundwater should be avoided if at all possible. If contamination occurs, remediation of groundwater to pre-contamination conditions should be accomplished as efficiently, as quickly, and as cost effectively as possible to ensure that current and future demands on the groundwater resource can be met.Phytoremediation is one of many potential alternatives that can be used to restore contaminated groundwater. In general, phytoremediation is the use of living organisms-plantsto restore contaminated environments to less harmful levels. It is commonly accepted that plants have the potential to cleanse the air, such as taking in carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and releasing oxygen (O 2 ). But plants also have the potential to cleanse water. This is because water controls all aspects of plant survival; a glance at the waterless and plantless moon quickly confirms this statement. From seed to maturit...

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Section: Plant Tissue Samplesmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Plant Interaction and Uptake Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant Tissue Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introduction to Phytoremediation of Contaminated Groundwater

Landmeyer

2012

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“…Nevertheless, anaerobic conditions do not often result in high biodegradation rates, and increased oxygen supply may be required to enhance the process [80][81][82]. Phytoremediation studies have shown that various plant species, such as poplars [83,84], alfalfa [85], weeping willows [86], or conifers [87], remove MTBE from groundwater through their roots, but no evidence has been provided that MTBE is degraded within plant tissue [84][85][86][87][88][89]; rather, it is transpired, resulting in potentially harmful emissions. However, no plant toxicity effects have been reported [86].…”

Section: Fate Of Mtbe In Constructed Wetlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fate of MTBE and BTEX in Constructed Wetlands

Stefanakis

2019

Applied Sciences

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Hydrocarbon contamination of water resources is a global issue. These compounds are generated and discharged into the environment in industrial areas from chemical and petrochemical plants, oil refineries, power plants, and so forth. Fuel hydrocarbons, namely, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) and MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether), are commonly found in groundwater, posing environmental and health risks to humans and ecosystems. Nature-based technologies represent an alternative solution, providing high efficiency, an environmentally friendly character, simple operation, and cost efficiency, which are characteristics particularly desired by the international petroleum industry. This article discusses the use of the green technology of constructed wetlands to remediate water polluted with hydrocarbons. Although the number of related international experiences and studies is limited, the article presents the latest developments of wetland technology for the removal of MTBE and benzene-BTEX. The discussion includes the overall efficiency of the different wetland types that have been tested and used, the main transformation and removal processes that regulate the fate of BTEX and MTBE in constructed wetlands, and the potential for future investigations.

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“…Peer‐reviewed studies have reported the successful use of phytoremediation tree systems to hydraulically contain and mitigate petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in the subsurface (Arnold et al., ; Barac et al., ; El‐Gendy et al., ; Ferro et al., , ; Hong et al., ; Landmeyer, ). Groundwater phytoremediation systems best decrease contaminant mass for more soluble analytes of petroleum hydrocarbons such as benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTEX; Barac et al., ; El‐Gendy et al., ; Ferro et al, , ; Landmeyer, ) and fuel oxygenates such as methyl ‐tert ‐butyl ether (MTBE; Arnold et al., ; Hong et al., ). Most of the aforementioned studies have been implemented at sites with shallow, contaminated groundwater where depth to groundwater is less than 3 m. A few studies have used trees to reach greater groundwater depths at 4 m to 5 m below ground surface (Barac et al., ; Ferro et al., ) for hydraulic‐containment and mass reduction of mixed gasoline and diesel fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoremediation of a Petroleum‐Hydrocarbon Contaminated Shallow Aquifer in Elizabeth City, North Carolina, USA

Nichols

Cook²,

Landmeyer

et al. 2014

Remediation Journal

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A former bulk fuel terminal in North Carolina is a groundwater phytoremediation demonstrationsite where 3,250 hybrid poplars, willows, and pine trees were planted from 2006 to 2008 over approximately 579,000 L of residual gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. Since 2011, the groundwater altitude is lower in the area with trees than outside the planted area. Soil-gas analyses showed a 95 percent mass loss for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and a 99 percent mass loss for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX). BTEX and methyl tert-butyl ether concentrations have decreased in groundwater. Interpolations of free-phase, fuel product gauging data show reduced thicknesses across the site and pooling of fuel product where poplar biomass is greatest. Isolated clusters of tree mortalities have persisted in areas with high TPH and BTEX mass. Toxicity assays showed impaired water use for willows and poplars exposed to the site's fuel product, but Populus survival was higher than the willows or pines on-site, even in a noncontaminated control area. All four Populus clones survived well at the site. c⃝ 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Phytovolatilization of Oxygenated Gasoline-Impacted Groundwater at an Underground Storage Tank Site Via Conifers

Cited by 27 publications

References 24 publications

Introduction to Phytoremediation of Contaminated Groundwater

Introduction to Phytoremediation of Contaminated Groundwater

The Fate of MTBE and BTEX in Constructed Wetlands

Phytoremediation of a Petroleum‐Hydrocarbon Contaminated Shallow Aquifer in Elizabeth City, North Carolina, USA

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