“…The IP pathway (Fig 1) plays important roles in regulating essential biological processes from yeast to humans, including mRNA transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm (Wickramasinghe, et al, 2013), transcriptional regulation (Millard, et al, 2013; Steger, et al, 2003), embryogenesis (Seeds, et al, 2015), endocytosis (Yamaoka, et al, 2015), and ciliary function and signal transduction (Chavez, et al, 2015). We recently showed that this pathway controls transcription and allelic exclusion of variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes in T. brucei (Cestari and Stuart, 2015), allowing T. brucei to evade the host immune response.…”