This review deals with liquid foams stabilized by polyelectrolyte/surfactant
(PS) complexes in aqueous solution. It briefly reviews all the important
aspects of foam physics at several scales, from interfaces to macroscopic
foams, needed to understand the basics of these complex systems, focusing
on those particular aspects of foams stabilized by PS mixtures. The
final section includes a few examples of smart foams based on PS complexes
that have been reported recently in the literature. These PS complexes
open an opportunity to develop new intelligent dispersed materials
with potential in many fields, such as oil industry, environmental
remediation, and pharmaceutical industry, among others. However, there
is much work to be done to understand the mechanism involved in the
stabilization of foams with PS complexes. Understanding those underlying
mechanisms is vital to successfully formulate smart systems. This
review is written in the hope of stimulating further work in the physics
of PS foams and, particularly, in the search for responsive foams
based on polymer-surfactant mixtures.